Data Center Cooling Augmentation Using Micro-encapsulated Phase Change Material
Data Center Cooling Augmentation Using Micro-encapsulated Phase Change Material

Author: Ruddhi Deshmukh

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 44

ISBN-13:

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The ever increasing information technology heat load and data center cooling energy are the main reasons to investigate the performance of microencapsulated phase change slurry over other heat transfer fluids. In recent years, more effort is being made on the development of a new technique to use the phase change materials as pump-able heat transfer fluid and as heat storage system. Thermal Energy Storage (TES) using Phase Change Materials for data centers offers a very effective method of cutting electric power costs for owners and easing demand on the power grid. Thermal storage systems have been around for decades and include various components and methods to store and retrieve pre-cooled medium. PCM storage has been popular in large commercial applications located in regions with high peak (day time) utility energy costs and a much lower off-peak (night time) cost. Microencapsulated phase change slurry is dispersion where the phase change material, microencapsulated by a polymeric capsule, is dispersed in water. Compared to water, these new fluids have a higher heat capacity during phase change and a possible enhancement, as a result of this phase change, in the heat transfer phenomenon. The composition of phase change material used in slurry greatly affects its efficiency, If not selected properly it can cause serious damage, e.g. agglomeration and clogging of pipes. Current available systems use microencapsulated phase change slurry with heat exchangers. The objective of this project is to design and fabricate a shell- tube, phase change material (PCM) based heat exchanger, which can act as a thermal energy storage device, to increase the energy efficiency and hence can be incorporated in data center cooling.

Application of Phase Change Material in Sustainable Cooling of Data Centers
Application of Phase Change Material in Sustainable Cooling of Data Centers

Author: Nikhil Dhiman

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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The ever increasing information technology heat load and data center cooling energy are the main reasons to investigate the performance of microencapsulated phase change slurry over other heat transfer fluids. In recent years, more effort is being made on the development of a new technique to use the phase change materials as pump-able heat transfer fluid and as heat storage system. Microencapsulated phase change slurry is dispersion where the phase change material, microencapsulated by a polymeric capsule, is dispersed in water. Compared to water, these new fluids have a higher heat capacity during phase change and a possible enhancement, as a result of this phase change, in the heat transfer phenomenon. The composition of phase change material used in slurry greatly affects its efficiency, If not selected properly it can cause serious damage, e.g. agglomeration and clogging of pipes. Current available systems use microencapsulated phase change slurry with heat exchangers. The main objective of this work is to develop standalone pump-able microencapsulated phase change slurry that is able to withstand shear stresses of the pump and other course surfaces of pipe and pipe joints. In this study, experiments were performed, to determine performance of microencapsulated phase change slurry over conventional heat transfer fluids. After certain pumping cycles, scanning electron microscopy has been done to analyze the conditions of shell material of polymeric capsule. Also, testing has been done to predict durability and life cycle of microencapsulated phase change slurry.

Solid-Liquid Thermal Energy Storage
Solid-Liquid Thermal Energy Storage

Author: Moghtada Mobedi

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2022-06-22

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 1000598934

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Solid–Liquid Thermal Energy Storage: Modeling and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of solid–liquid phase change thermal storage. Chapters are written by specialists from both academia and industry. Using recent studies on the improvement, modeling, and new applications of these systems, the book discusses innovative solutions for any potential drawbacks. This book: Discusses experimental studies in the field of solid–liquid phase change thermal storage Reviews recent research on phase change materials Covers various innovative applications of phase change materials (PCM) on the use of sustainable and renewable energy sources Presents recent developments on the theoretical modeling of these systems Explains advanced methods for enhancement of heat transfer in PCM This book is a reference for engineers and industry professionals involved in the use of renewable energy systems, energy storage, heating systems for buildings, sustainability design, etc. It can also benefit graduate students taking courses in heat transfer, energy engineering, advanced materials, and heating systems.

Utilization of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material for the Optimization of Evaporative Cooling Tehcnology
Utilization of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material for the Optimization of Evaporative Cooling Tehcnology

Author: Jeet Shah

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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IT equipments are the essential facet of most institutional operations of the advanced world. Modern IT equipments are far more vigorous than older equipments. With increasing density of array of servers and growth of computing power, assessing the cooling requirements has emerged as an aspect of prime importance. Evaporative cooling is a very common cooling technology used in cooling of data centers due to low installation and power costs and simple operation. Phase change materials have been investigated over the years as thermal energy storage for cooling and heating applications. These researches have also investigated encapsulated PCM in different sizes in order to maximize its thermal properties in various heat transfer applications. However little efforts have been put to the investigation of phase change materials integrated with evaporative cooling technology. Evaporative coolers have a limitation in humid climates or when the air reaches its saturation point. If coils with phase change material are introduced in the evaporative cooling chambers, it would sensibly cool the air from cooling pad without increasing its humidity any further. An investigation has been done to anticipate the cooling effect by microencapsulated phase change material with felicitous placement of coils to obtain significant cooling and least pressure drop with the help of experimentation. Second phase would determine the experimental evaluation to reduce water consumption in cooling pad and application of hybrid evaporative coolers in data center technology.

Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials

Author: Charles M. Lukehart

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-02-19

Total Pages: 1405

ISBN-13: 1118625226

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Connecting inorganic chemistry to the hottest topic in materials science, this timely resource collects the contributions made by leading inorganic chemists towards nanomaterials research. The second volume in the “Wiley Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Methods and Applications Series,” this signature title concentrates on recent developments in the field and includes all key topics such as nanowires, nanotubes, biomineralization, supramolecular materials and much more. This volume is also available as part of Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 5 Volume Set. This set combines all volumes published as EIC Books from 2007 to 2010, representing areas of key developments in the field of inorganic chemistry published in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Find out more.

Optimal Design Variable Considerations in the Use of Phase Change Materials in Indirect Evaporative Cooling
Optimal Design Variable Considerations in the Use of Phase Change Materials in Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Author: Ankit Paul Chilakapaty

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 37

ISBN-13:

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The demand for sustainable, energy efficient and cost effective heating and cooling solutions is exponentially increasing with the rapid advancement of computation and information technology. Use of latent heat storage materials also known as phase change materials (PCMs) for load leveling is an innovative solution to the data center cooling demands. These materials are commercially available in the form of microcapsules dispersed in water, referred to as the microencapsulated phase change slurries and have higher heat capacity than water. The composition and physical properties of phase change slurries play significant role in energy efficiency of the cooling systems designed implementing these PCM slurries. Objective of this project is to study the effect of PCM particle size, shape and volumetric concentration on overall heat transfer potential of the cooling systems designed with PCM slurries as the heat transfer fluid (HTF). In this study uniform volume heat source model is developed for the simulation of heat transfer potential using phase change materials in the form of bulk temperature difference in a fully developed flow through a circular duct. Results indicate the heat transfer potential increases with PCM volumetric concentration with gradually diminishing returns. Also, spherical PCM particles offer greater heat transfer potential when compared to cylindrical particles. Results of this project will aid in efficient design of cooling systems based on PCM slurries.

Thermal Energy Storage
Thermal Energy Storage

Author: Ibrahim Dinçer

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-06-24

Total Pages: 585

ISBN-13: 1119956625

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The ability of thermal energy storage (TES) systems to facilitate energy savings, renewable energy use and reduce environmental impact has led to a recent resurgence in their interest. The second edition of this book offers up-to-date coverage of recent energy efficient and sustainable technological methods and solutions, covering analysis, design and performance improvement as well as life-cycle costing and assessment. As well as having significantly revised the book for use as a graduate text, the authors address real-life technical and operational problems, enabling the reader to gain an understanding of the fundamental principles and practical applications of thermal energy storage technology. Beginning with a general summary of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, this book goes on to discuss practical applications with chapters that include TES systems, environmental impact, energy savings, energy and exergy analyses, numerical modeling and simulation, case studies and new techniques and performance assessment methods.

Eco-efficient Materials for Reducing Cooling Needs in Buildings and Construction
Eco-efficient Materials for Reducing Cooling Needs in Buildings and Construction

Author: Fernando Pacheco-Torgal

Publisher: Woodhead Publishing

Published: 2020-10-20

Total Pages: 484

ISBN-13: 0128207914

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Eco-efficient Materials for Reducing Cooling Needs in Buildings and Construction: Design, Properties and Applications provides a comprehensive review on building envelope materials and technologies for reducing cooling needs in buildings. The book offers in-depth analysis of the performance of new innovative materials and technologies used in pavements, facade and roofing materials, PCMs and chromogenic smart materials. Includes practical case study examples of their applications in building and construction. The book is an essential reference resource for researchers, architects and civil engineers, city planners, product developers, manufacturers, and other professionals working in eco-efficient cooling materials and sustainable and zero-energy building design. Offers a comprehensive review of building envelope materials and technologies for reducing cooling needs Features practical case studies, which are fundamental for building design and applications Provides in-depth analysis of performance for different materials and technologies Features brand new chapters on pavements, facade and roofing materials, PCMs and chromogenic smart materials

Heat and cold storage with PCM
Heat and cold storage with PCM

Author: Harald Mehling

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-08-15

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 354068557X

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The years 2006 and 2007 mark a dramatic change of peoples view regarding c- mate change and energy consumption. The new IPCC report makes clear that - mankind plays a dominant role on climate change due to CO emissions from en- 2 ergy consumption, and that a significant reduction in CO emissions is necessary 2 within decades. At the same time, the supply of fossil energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas becomes less reliable. In spring 2008, the oil price rose beyond 100 $/barrel for the first time in history. It is commonly accepted today that we have to reduce the use of fossil fuels to cut down the dependency on the supply countries and to reduce CO emissions. The use of renewable energy sources and 2 increased energy efficiency are the main strategies to achieve this goal. In both strategies, heat and cold storage will play an important role. People use energy in different forms, as heat, as mechanical energy, and as light. With the discovery of fire, humankind was the first time able to supply heat and light when needed. About 2000 years ago, the Romans started to use ceramic tiles to store heat in under floor heating systems. Even when the fire was out, the room stayed warm. Since ancient times, people also know how to cool food with ice as cold storage.