Phosphate Deposits of the World: Volume 3, Neogene to Modern Phosphorites
Phosphate Deposits of the World: Volume 3, Neogene to Modern Phosphorites

Author: P. J. Cook

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1986

Total Pages: 486

ISBN-13: 9780521333702

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Marine phosphorites, the principal raw material for phosphatic fertilizers, do not occur uniformly through time and space. The origin of these unusual sedimentary rocks appears to be related mainly to marine biological productivity, often associated with upwelling currents during certain intervals of geological time. This book examines the environmental setting and resulting phosphorites which formed during the Miocene, one of the major and most recent phosphogenic periods throughout the geologic record. In addition, an oceanographic perspective is given by investigations of modern oceanic environments where phosphorites are presently forming. Together, the geologic and marine approaches provide a complete outlook on this important mineral resource. This book is the third of four reference volumes which together cover the achievements of the International Geological Correlation Programme Project 156 (Phosphorites) during the ten years of the project's existence.

Tertiary Basins of Spain
Tertiary Basins of Spain

Author: Peter F. Friend

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1996-01-26

Total Pages: 430

ISBN-13: 9780521461719

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This is the first book to deal comprehensively with Spain's tectonic and sedimentary history over the past sixty or so million years. During Tertiary times, Spain had suffered compressional collision between France and Africa, and its Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts had been further modified by extensional rifting.

Quaternary Extinctions
Quaternary Extinctions

Author: Paul S. Martin

Publisher: University of Arizona Press

Published: 2022-01-04

Total Pages: 903

ISBN-13: 0816547440

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"What caused the extinction of so many animals at or near the end of the Pleistocene? Was it overkill by human hunters, the result of a major climatic change or was it just a part of some massive evolutionary turnover? Questions such as these have plagued scientists for over one hundred years and are still being heatedly debated today. Quaternary Extinctions presents the latest and most comprehensive examination of these questions." —Geological Magazine "May be regarded as a kind of standard encyclopedia for Pleistocene vertebrate paleontology for years to come." —American Scientist "Should be read by paleobiologists, biologists, wildlife managers, ecologists, archeologists, and anyone concerned about the ongoing extinction of plants and animals." —Science "Uncommonly readable and varied for watchers of paleontology and the rise of humankind." —Scientific American "Represents a quantum leap in our knowledge of Pleistocene and Holocene palaeobiology. . . . Many volumes on our bookshelves are destined to gather dust rather than attention. But not this one." —Nature "Two strong impressions prevail when first looking into this epic compendium. One is the judicious balance of views that range over the whole continuum between monocausal, cultural, or environmental explanations. The second is that both the data base and theoretical sophistication of the protagonists in the debate have improved by a quantum leap since 1967." —American Anthropologist

Tectonic Controls and Signatures in Sedimentary Successions
Tectonic Controls and Signatures in Sedimentary Successions

Author: Lynne E. Frostick

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2009-04-13

Total Pages: 531

ISBN-13: 1444304062

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Stratigraphers and sedimentologists who are presently describing and interpreting the infill of sedimentary basins are generally agreed that it is difficult to disentangle the signatures of tectonic processes from those of climate and eustatic sea level change in the resultant rock succession. Until better criteria are developed to distinguish between the roles played by the major variables, it is still most useful to document and interpret basin-fill architectures where we know, from independent evidence, that one of the main controls is likely to have been a major contributor. This book contains a collection of papers describing situations where the tectonic setting is fairly well established, and it can be assumed that at least the tectonic factor has contributed to the resultant signatures.

Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments
Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments

Author: Vivien Gornitz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-10-31

Total Pages: 1062

ISBN-13: 1402045514

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One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.

Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis
Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis

Author: Andrew Miall

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 494

ISBN-13: 1475742320

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This book is intended as a practical handbook for those engaged in the task of analyzing the paleogeographic evolution of ancient sedimentary basins. The science of stratigraphy and sedimentology is central to such endeavors, but although several excellent textbooks on sedimentology have appeared in recent years little has been written about modern stratigraphic methods. Sedimentology textbooks tend to take a theoretical approach, building from physical and chemical theory and studies of mod ern environments. It is commonly difficult to apply this information to practical problems in ancient rocks, and very little guidance is given on methods of observation, mapping and interpretation. In this book theory is downplayed and the emphasis is on what a geologist can actually see in outcrops, well records, and cores, and what can be ob tained using geophysical techniques. A new approach is taken to stratigraphy, which attempts to explain the genesis of lithostratigraphic units and to de-emphasize the importance of formal description and nam ing. There are also sections explaining principles of facies analysis, basin mapping methods, depositional systems, and the study of basin thermal history, so important to the genesis of fuels and minerals. Lastly, an at tempt is made to tie everything together by considering basins in the con text of plate tectonics and eustatic sea level changes.

The Geology of Stratigraphic Sequences
The Geology of Stratigraphic Sequences

Author: Andrew D. Miall

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 436

ISBN-13: 3662033801

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Sequence stratigraphy represents a new paradigm in geology. The principal hypothesis is that stratigraphie successions may be subdivided into discrete sequences bounded by widespread unconformities. There are two parts to this hypothesis. First, it suggests that the driving forces which generate sequences and their bounding unconformities also generate predietable three-dimensional stratigraphies. In re cent years stratigraphie research guided by sequence models has brought about fundamental im provements in our understanding of stratigraphie processes and the controls of basin architecture. Sequence models have provided a powerful framework for mapping and numerieal modeling, enabling the science of stratigraphy to advance with rapid strides. This research has demonstrated the importance of a wide range of processes for the generation of cyclie sequences, including eustasy, tectonics, and orbital forcing of climate change. The main objective of this book is to document the sequence record and to discuss our current state of knowledge about sequence-generating processes.