Do you deal in cryptocurrency? If your answer is yes, then you should know how your virtual income is taxed. As it is with any other sort of income out there, using your cryptocurrency for transactions is a taxable event in the eyes of the IRS. Hence, it is quite necessary for you to understand just how you can ensure that you are not unintentionally avoiding your taxes or even filing them wrongly. As with any other task that you may undertake, it is important to first understand how it really works.
The emergence of crypto assets has required taxation authorities worldwide to develop unprecedented policies and compelled tax lawyers to apply existing laws in new ways. This book – the only one to focus solely on the taxation of crypto assets – provides a detailed country-by-country analysis of how the tax law of thirty-nine countries may apply to this rapidly developing area, including different use cases and compliance and documentation requirements. Following an overview of the technology and key characteristics of crypto assets, as well as the key tax concepts and types of taxes that could apply to them, leading practitioners in each particular jurisdiction summarize the relevant tax law in that country. Fully explained are such aspects of crypto assets as the following and how they are interrelated: sales; exchanges; receipt as remuneration; forks; airdrops; mining; staking; initial coin offerings; security token offerings; and initial exchange offerings. Contributors describe how each jurisdiction applies income and capital gains taxation, value-added tax and sales tax, withholding taxes, transfer taxes, and gift, inheritance, estate and wealth taxes in the context of crypto assets. Reporting requirements and enforcement are also covered. Tax law, as it applies to crypto assets, is new and continues to evolve. This book will be welcomed as the premier resource for tax practitioners, government officials, advisors, investors, issuers, users of crypto assets, and taxation academics who are seeking informed awareness of the policy choices countries make in dealing with the taxation of this new technology. Tax lawyers dealing with crypto assets will have comprehensive practical guidance on how to comply with the tax laws of multiple jurisdictions.
This paper marks the launch of a new IMF series, Fintech Notes. Building on years of IMF staff work, it will explore pressing topics in the digital economy and be issued periodically. The series will carry work by IMF staff and will seek to provide insight into the intersection of technology and the global economy. The Rise of Digital Money analyses how technology companies are stepping up competition to large banks and credit card companies. Digital forms of money are increasingly in the wallets of consumers as well as in the minds of policymakers. Cash and bank deposits are battling with so-called e-money, electronically stored monetary value denominated in, and pegged to, a currency like the euro or the dollar. This paper identifies the benefits and risks and highlights regulatory issues that are likely to emerge with a broader adoption of stablecoins. The paper also highlights the risks associated with e-money: potential creation of new monopolies; threats to weaker currencies; concerns about consumer protection and financial stability; and the risk of fostering illegal activities, among others.
This book discusses various aspects of blockchains in economic systems and investment strategies in crypto markets. It first addresses the topic from a conceptual and theoretical point of view, and then analyzes it from an assessment and investment angle. Further, it examines the opportunities and limitations of the taxation of crypto currency, as well as the political implications, such as regulation of speculation with crypto currencies. The book is intended for academicians and students in the fields of economics and finance.
The ultimate guide to the world of cryptocurrencies! While the cryptocurrency market is known for its volatility—and this volatility is often linked to the ever-changing regulatory environment of the industry—the entire cryptocurrency market is expected to reach a total value of $1 trillion this year. If you want to get in on the action, this book shows you how. Cryptocurrency Investing For Dummies offers trusted guidance on how to make money trading and investing in the top 200 digital currencies, no matter what the market sentiment. You'll find out how to navigate the new digital finance landscape and choose the right cryptocurrency for different situations with the help of real-world examples that show you how to maximize your cryptocurrency wallet. Understand how the cryptocurrency market works Find best practices for choosing the right cryptocurrency Explore new financial opportunities Choose the right platforms to make the best investments This book explores the hot topics and market moving events affecting cryptocurrency prices and shows you how to develop the smartest investment strategies based on your unique risk tolerance.
O livro tem como elemento central a análise de fatos geradores tributários decorrentes do uso de criptomoedas como ativos de pagamentos (principalmente) e investimentos (residualmente). A premissa perpassa pela necessidade de se descobrir quais as pessoas operam as criptomoedas, uma vez que a chave pública não identifica o CPF ou CNPJ do usuário. A falta de reconhecimento entre a pessoa física e o algoritmo que compõe a chave pública permite a circulação de riqueza sem a respectiva tributação. Desse modo, o presente livro pretende responder às seguintes indagações: como lidar com a circulação de riquezas quando o ativo transferível, por chave pública, não propicia a identificação do registro da pessoa? E, após identificar, como deve ser feita a tributação? Para responder a essas perguntas, inicialmente, defende-se a necessidade de o Estado promover uma regulação de incentivos para potencializar que as criptomoedas circulem, primordialmente, dentro das Exchanges. Em seguida, analisa-se a natureza jurídica desses ativos e os principais fatos geradores tributários que podem incidir no caso concreto. Observa-se que, muito além do Imposto de Renda por ganho de capital decorrente do cash out, há outras possibilidades de incidência de tributo, inclusive, por auferimento de renda no pagamento de uma obrigação em criptomoedas (Imposto de Renda em razão do plus jurídico). Para além dessa hipótese, há ganhos na custódia, aproximação entre clientes e troca dos ativos por moeda fiat, o que faz incidir, também, o Imposto de Renda das Exchanges e o Imposto sobre a Prestação de Serviços. Tais hipóteses são apenas algumas relatadas ao longo deste trabalho.
Blockchain technology presents numerous advantages that include increased transparency, reduced transaction costs, faster transaction settlement, automation of information, increased traceability, improved customer experience, improved digital identity, better cyber security, and user-controlled networks. These potential applications are widespread and diverse including funds transfer, smart contracts, e-voting, efficient supply chain, and more in nearly every sector of society including finance, healthcare, law, trade, real estate, and other important areas. However, there are challenges and limitations that exist such as high energy consumption, limited scalability, complexity, security, network size, lack of regulations, and other critical issues. Nevertheless, blockchain is an attractive technology and has much to offer to the modern-day industry. Industry Use Cases on Blockchain Technology Applications in IoT and the Financial Sector investigates blockchain technology’s adoption and effectiveness in multiple industries and for the internet of things (IoT)-based applications, presents use cases from industrial and financial sectors as well as from other transaction-based services, and fills a gap in this respect by extending the existing body of knowledge in the suggested field. While highlighting topics such as cybersecurity, use cases, and models for blockchain implementation, this book is ideal for business managers, financial accountants, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in blockchain technology’s role and implementation in IoT and the financial sector.
Corporate Criminal Investigations and Prosecutions provides readers a comprehensive understanding of the process behind the investigation, prosecution, and resolution of criminal charges against organizations. Over the past two decades, corporate criminal liability has developed into one of the fastest-growing and most dynamic areas of legal practice. The growth of corporate criminal enforcement has correlated with a broad shift in how the government investigates and resolves corporate criminal violations. As a result of these developments, the practice of investigating, prosecuting, and resolving corporate criminal cases has many significant differences from other areas of criminal or civil law. Notably, one of the most significant aspects that distinguishes corporate criminal practice is that much of it occurs outside of the formal judicial system; nearly all DOJ corporate criminal matters are resolved through negotiated settlements, and very few cases involve court proceedings or go to trial. As a result, many parts of this practice remain relatively unknown to students and practitioners. Until now. With the publication of this book, authors Leo Tsao, Daniel Kahn, and Eugene Soltes, whose resumes collectively reflect the highest levels of practice and expertise in this field, open a window into all aspects of corporate criminal investigations and prosecutions. Professors and students will benefit from: The authors bring a unique perspective and unparalleled qualifications to the subject of corporate criminal liability. Daniel Kahn is the former acting Deputy Assistant Attorney General of the Criminal Division and former Chief of the Fraud Section and FCPA Unit. Leo Tsao is the former Principal Deputy Chief of the Money Laundering and Asset Recovery Section and has held supervisory positions in the Bank Integrity Unit and FCPA Unit within the DOJ’s Criminal Division. Eugene Soltes is a professor at Harvard Business School, and regularly teaches and advises companies on corporate integrity, organizational cultures, and compliance systems. Comprehensive coverage: Part One addresses topics that are generally applicable to all corporate criminal cases, such as the legal principles underlying corporate criminal liability; the individual liability of corporate officers for corporate crimes; and the constitutional rights of criminal corporate defendants—to name a few. Part Two addresses specific categories of federal crimes commonly used to charge corporate defendants, such as conspiracy, the FCPA, the Bank Secrecy Act, antitrust laws, and RICO. Part Two also provides insights into criminal activity and law enforcement within the technology sector as it pertains to virtual currency (e.g., Bitcoin). Extensive online resources include discussion questions, and relevant case material for key chapters
This book focuses on the building of a crypto economy as an alternative economic space and discusses how the crypto economy should be governed. The crypto economy is examined in its productive and financialised aspects, in order to distil the need for governance in this economic space. The author argues that it is imperative for regulatory policy to develop the economic governance of the blockchain-based business model, in order to facilitate economic mobilisation and wealth creation. The regulatory framework should cater for a new and unique enterprise organisational law and the fund-raising and financing of blockchain-based development projects. Such a regulatory framework is crucially enabling in nature and consistent with the tenets of regulatory capitalism. Further, the book acknowledges the rising importance of private monetary orders in the crypto economy and native payment systems that do not rely on conventional institutions for value transfer. A regulatory blueprint is proposed for governing such monetary orders as 'commons' governance. The rise of Decentralised Finance and other financial innovations in the crypto economy are also discussed, and the book suggests a framework for regulatory consideration in this dynamic landscape in order to meet a balance of public interest objectives and private interests. By setting out a reform agenda in relation to economic and financial governance in the crypto economy, this forward-looking work argues for the extension of 'regulatory capitalism' to this perceived 'wild west' of an alternative economic space. It advances the message that an innovative regulatory agenda is needed to account for the economically disruptive and technologically transformative developments brought about by the crypto economy.
