Graphene Quantum Dots

Graphene Quantum Dots

Author: Alev Devrim Güçlü

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-09-11

Total Pages: 181

ISBN-13: 3662446111

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This book reflects the current status of theoretical and experimental research of graphene based nanostructures, in particular quantum dots, at a level accessible to young researchers, graduate students, experimentalists and theorists. It presents the current state of research of graphene quantum dots, a single or few monolayer thick islands of graphene. It introduces the reader to the electronic and optical properties of graphite, intercalated graphite and graphene, including Dirac fermions, Berry's phase associated with sublattices and valley degeneracy, covers single particle properties of graphene quantum dots, electron-electron interaction, magnetic properties and optical properties of gated graphene nanostructures. The electronic, optical and magnetic properties of the graphene quantum dots as a function of size, shape, type of edge and carrier density are considered. Special attention is paid to the understanding of edges and the emergence of edge states for zigzag edges. Atomistic tight binding and effective mass approaches to single particle calculations are performed. Furthermore, the theoretical and numerical treatment of electron-electron interactions at the mean-field, HF, DFT and configuration-interaction level is described in detail.


Hadronic Structure

Hadronic Structure

Author: José L. Goity

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 347

ISBN-13: 981281020X

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This volume contains lectures presented at the 14th Annual Hampton University Graduate Studies at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (HUGS at CEBAF), that took place at Jefferson Lab and Hampton University from June 1st to 18th, 1999. The programme was focused on the structure of hadrons from the low to the high energy regimes, including a balance of theory and experiment, and emphasized topics in electron scattering on the nucleon and nuclei.


Beam Acceleration In Crystals And Nanostructures - Proceedings Of The Workshop

Beam Acceleration In Crystals And Nanostructures - Proceedings Of The Workshop

Author: Gerard Mourou

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 269

ISBN-13: 9811217130

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"Recent advancements in generation of intense X-ray laser ultrashort pulses open opportunities for particle acceleration in solid-state plasmas. Wakefield acceleration in crystals or carbon nanotubes shows promise of unmatched ultra-high accelerating gradients and possibility to shape the future of high energy physics colliders. This book summarizes the discussions of the "Workshop on Beam Acceleration in Crystals and Nanostructures" (Fermilab, June 24-25, 2019), presents next steps in theory and modeling and outlines major physics and technology challenges toward proof-of-principle demonstration experiments"--Publisher's website.


Radiation Applications

Radiation Applications

Author: Hisaaki Kudo

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-05-23

Total Pages: 349

ISBN-13: 9811073503

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This book focuses on radiation applications in various fields such as industry, environmental conservation, analytical sciences, agriculture, medical diagnosis and therapy, and other areas, from laboratory or research scale to practical or commercial scale. The book targets rather beginning or young professionals in radiation chemistry, processing, biology, and medicine, among others, but also introduces the state of the art of the relevant fields. This volume also helps readers to understand the fundamentals of radiation chemistry, physics, and biology that underlie the miscellaneous applications. Readers will understand, for example, that industry utilizes radiation to fabricate water-absorbent materials or semiconductors and also that cancer patients can be cured through radiation without surgery. These and more facts about radiation applications are made available in this valuable book.


Elementary Particles - Accelerators and Colliders

Elementary Particles - Accelerators and Colliders

Author: Ugo Amaldi

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-03-27

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783642230523

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After a historical consideration of the types and evolution of accelerators the physics of particle beams is provided in detail. Topics dealt with comprise linear and nonlinear beam dynamics, collective phenomena in beams, and interactions of beams with the surroundings. The design and principles of synchrotrons, circular and linear colliders, and of linear accelerators are discussed next. Also technological aspects of accelerators (magnets, RF cavities, cryogenics, power supply, vacuum, beam instrumentation, injection and extraction) are reviewed, as well as accelerator operation (parameter control, beam feedback system, orbit correction, luminosity optimization). After introducing the largest accelerators and colliders of their times the application of accelerators and storage rings in industry, medicine, basic science, and energy research is discussed, including also synchrotron radiation sources and spallation sources. Finally, cosmic accelerators and an outlook for the future are given.


Physics and Probability

Physics and Probability

Author: W. T. Grandy, Jr

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2004-12-16

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 9780521617109

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The pioneering work of Edwin T. Jaynes in the field of statistical physics, quantum optics, and probability theory has had a significant and lasting effect on the study of many physical problems, ranging from fundamental theoretical questions through to practical applications such as optical image restoration. Physics and Probability is a collection of papers in these areas by some of his many colleagues and former students, based largely on lectures given at a symposium celebrating Jaynes' contributions, on the occasion of his seventieth birthday and retirement as Wayman Crow Professor of Physics at Washington University. The collection contains several authoritative overviews of current research on maximum entropy and quantum optics, where Jaynes' work has been particularly influential, as well as reports on a number of related topics. In the concluding paper, Jaynes looks back over his career, and gives encouragement and sound advice to young scientists. All those engaged in research on any of the topics discussed in these papers will find this a useful and fascinating collection, and a fitting tribute to an outstanding and innovative scientist.


Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging

Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging

Author: David Svoboda

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-09-21

Total Pages: 154

ISBN-13: 303087592X

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging, SASHIMI 2021, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2021, in Strasbourg, France, in September 2021.* The 14 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 18 submissions. The contributions span the following broad categories in alignment with the initial call-for-papers: methods based on generative models or adversarial learning for MRI/CT/ microscopy image synthesis, and several applications of image synthesis and simulation for data augmentation, image enhancement, or segmentation. *The workshop was held virtually.


Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques: Smart and Innovative Solutions

Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques: Smart and Innovative Solutions

Author: Cengiz Kahraman

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-07-10

Total Pages: 1701

ISBN-13: 3030511561

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This book gathers the most recent developments in fuzzy & intelligence systems and real complex systems presented at INFUS 2020, held in Istanbul on July 21–23, 2020. The INFUS conferences are a well-established international research forum to advance the foundations and applications of intelligent and fuzzy systems, computational intelligence, and soft computing, highlighting studies on fuzzy & intelligence systems and real complex systems at universities and international research institutions. Covering a range of topics, including the theory and applications of fuzzy set extensions such as intuitionistic fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets, spherical fuzzy sets, and fuzzy decision-making; machine learning; risk assessment; heuristics; and clustering, the book is a valuable resource for academics, M.Sc. and Ph.D. students, as well as managers and engineers in industry and the service sectors.


The Large Hadron Collider

The Large Hadron Collider

Author: Don Lincoln

Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press

Published: 2020-09-29

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 142143914X

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An insider's history of the world's largest particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider: why it was built, how it works, and the importance of what it has revealed. Since 2008 scientists have conducted experiments in a hyperenergized, 17-mile supercollider beneath the border of France and Switzerland. The Large Hadron Collider (or what scientists call "the LHC") is one of the wonders of the modern world—a highly sophisticated scientific instrument designed to re-create in miniature the conditions of the universe as they existed in the microseconds following the big bang. Among many notable LHC discoveries, one led to the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics for revealing evidence of the existence of the Higgs boson, the so-called God particle. Picking up where he left off in The Quantum Frontier, physicist Don Lincoln shares an insider's account of the LHC's operational history and gives readers everything they need to become well informed on this marvel of technology. Writing about the LHC's early days, Lincoln offers keen insight into an accident that derailed the operation nine days after the collider's 2008 debut. A faulty solder joint started a chain reaction that caused a massive explosion, damaged 50 superconducting magnets, and vaporized large sections of the conductor. The crippled LHC lay dormant for over a year, while technical teams repaired the damage. Lincoln devotes an entire chapter to the Higgs boson and Higgs field, using several extended analogies to help explain the importance of these concepts to particle physics. In the final chapter, he describes what the discovery of the Higgs boson tells us about our current understanding of basic physics and how the discovery now keeps scientists awake over a nagging inconsistency in their favorite theory. As accessible as it is fascinating, The Large Hadron Collider reveals the inner workings of this masterful achievement of technology, along with the mind-blowing discoveries that will keep it at the center of the scientific frontier for the foreseeable future.