Corporate Income Tax Gap Estimation by Using Bottom-Up Techniques in Selected Countries
Corporate Income Tax Gap Estimation by Using Bottom-Up Techniques in Selected Countries

Author: Patricio A Barra

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2023-10-31

Total Pages: 39

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This technical note describes bottom-up CIT gap estimation techniques applied by revenue administrations in the following highly experienced countries in this approach: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The main topics included in the descriptions are techniques applied, CIT gap results, advantages and disadvantages of different available options, and future developments and recommendations for any revenue administration interested in starting bottom-up CIT gap estimation programs having no prior experience.

The Revenue Administration–Gap Analysis Program
The Revenue Administration–Gap Analysis Program

Author: Mr.Eric Hutton

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2017-04-07

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 1475583613

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The IMF Fiscal Affairs Department’s Revenue Administration Gap Analysis Program (RA-GAP) assists revenue administrations from IMF member countries in monitoring taxpayer compliance through tax gap analysis. The RA-GAP methodology for estimating the VAT gap presented in this Technical Note has some distinct advantages over commonly used methodologies. By using a value-added approach to estimating potential VAT revenues, as compared to the more traditional final consumption approach used by most countries undertaking VAT gap estimation, the RA-GAP methodology can provide VAT compliance gap estimates on a sector-by-sector basis, which assists revenue administrations to better target compliance efforts to close the gap. In addition, the RA-GAP methodology uses a unique measurement for actual VAT revenues, which isolates changes in revenue performance that might be due to cash management (e.g., delays in refunds) from those due to actual changes in taxpayer compliance.

The Revenue Administration Gap Analysis Program
The Revenue Administration Gap Analysis Program

Author: International Monetary

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2021-08-27

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13: 1513577174

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

It is generally difficult to measure revenue not collected due to noncompliance, but a growing number of countries now regularly produce and publish estimated revenue losses. Good tax gap analysis enables the detection of changes in taxpayer behavior by consistent estimates over time. This Technical Note sets out the theoretical concepts for personal income tax (PIT) gap estimation, the different measurement approaches available, and their implications for the scope and presentation of statistics. The note also focuses on the practical steps for measuring the PIT gap by establishing a random audit program to collect data, and how to scale findings from the sample to the population.

Estimating the Corporate Income Tax Gap
Estimating the Corporate Income Tax Gap

Author: Mr.Junji Ueda

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2018-09-12

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13: 1484357221

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The IMF Fiscal Affairs Department's Revenue Administration Gap Analysis Program (RA-GAP) aims to provide a quantitative analysis of the tax gap between potential revenues and actual collections, and this technical note explains the concept of the tax gap for corporate income tax (CIT), and the methodology to estimate CIT gaps. It includes detailed steps to derive the potential CIT base and liability with careful consideration for the theoretical differences between the coverage of statistical macroeconomic data and the actual tax base of CIT, and then compare the estimated results with actual declarations and revenues. Although the estimated gaps following the approach will have margins of errors, it has the advantage of using available data without additional costs of collection and suits initial evaluations of overall CIT noncompliance in a country.

Predictive Density Aggregation: A Model for Global GDP Growth
Predictive Density Aggregation: A Model for Global GDP Growth

Author: Francesca G Caselli

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2020-05-29

Total Pages: 33

ISBN-13: 1513545655

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

In this paper we propose a novel approach to obtain the predictive density of global GDP growth. It hinges upon a bottom-up probabilistic model that estimates and combines single countries’ predictive GDP growth densities, taking into account cross-country interdependencies. Speci?cally, we model non-parametrically the contemporaneous interdependencies across the United States, the euro area, and China via a conditional kernel density estimation of a joint distribution. Then, we characterize the potential ampli?cation e?ects stemming from other large economies in each region—also with kernel density estimations—and the reaction of all other economies with para-metric assumptions. Importantly, each economy’s predictive density also depends on a set of observable country-speci?c factors. Finally, the use of sampling techniques allows us to aggregate individual countries’ densities into a world aggregate while preserving the non-i.i.d. nature of the global GDP growth distribution. Out-of-sample metrics con?rm the accuracy of our approach.

Current Challenges in Revenue Mobilization - Improving Tax Compliance
Current Challenges in Revenue Mobilization - Improving Tax Compliance

Author: International Monetary Fund

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2015-01-29

Total Pages: 81

ISBN-13: 1498344895

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This paper addresses core challenges that all tax administrations face in dealing with noncompliance—which are now receiving renewed attention. Long a priority in developing countries, assuring strong compliance has acquired greater priority in countries facing intensified revenue needs, and is critical for fairness and statebuilding. Series: Policy Papers

Designing a Tax Administration Reform Strategy
Designing a Tax Administration Reform Strategy

Author: Ms.Katherine Baer

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1997-03-01

Total Pages: 37

ISBN-13: 1451980396

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Building on previous FAD work in the tax administration field, this paper defines broad criteria for diagnosing the problems in a country’s tax administration and formulating an appropriate reform strategy. To be effective, this strategy should be based on the size of the tax gap and the country’s particular circumstances. This paper discusses some guiding principles which have provided the basis for successful reforms, including: reducing the tax system’s complexity, encouraging taxpayers’ voluntary compliance, differentiating the treatment of taxpayers by their revenue potential, and ensuring the reform’s effective management. Also discussed are specific bottlenecks that hinder the effectiveness of the tax administration’s operations.

Fiscal Regimes for Extractive Industries—Design and Implementation
Fiscal Regimes for Extractive Industries—Design and Implementation

Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2012-08-16

Total Pages: 82

ISBN-13: 1498340067

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Better designed and implemented fiscal regimes for oil, gas, and mining can make a substantial contribution to the revenue needs of many developing countries while ensuring an attractive return for investors, according to a new policy paper from the International Monetary Fund. Revenues from extractive industries (EIs) have major macroeconomic implications. The EIs account for over half of government revenues in many petroleum-rich countries, and for over 20 percent in mining countries. About one-third of IMF member countries find (or could find) resource revenues “macro-critical” – especially with large numbers of recent new discoveries and planned oil, gas, and mining developments. IMF policy advice and technical assistance in the field has massively expanded in recent years – driven by demand from member countries and supported by increased donor finance. The paper sets out the analytical framework underpinning, and key elements of, the country-specific advice given. Also available in Arabic: ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????: ??????? ???????? Also available in French: Régimes fiscaux des industries extractives: conception et application Also available in Spanish: Regímenes fiscales de las industrias extractivas: Diseño y aplicación

Why People Pay Taxes
Why People Pay Taxes

Author: Joel Slemrod

Publisher:

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 9780472103386

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Experts discuss strategies for curtailing tax evasion

Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries
Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries

Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2011-08-03

Total Pages: 86

ISBN-13: 1498339247

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The Fund has long played a lead role in supporting developing countries’ efforts to improve their revenue mobilization. This paper draws on that experience to review issues and good practice, and to assess prospects in this key area.