Coordinating Tariff Reduction and Domestic Tax Reform
Coordinating Tariff Reduction and Domestic Tax Reform

Author: Mr.Michael Keen

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1999-07-01

Total Pages: 21

ISBN-13: 1451851634

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A key obstacle to fundamental tariff reform in many developing countries is the revenue loss that it ultimately implies. This paper establishes a simple and practicable strategy for realizing the efficiency gains from tariff reform without reducing public revenues, showing that for a small open economy, a cut in tariffs combined with a point-for-point increase in domestic consumption taxes increases both welfare and public revenues. Increasingly stringent conditions are required, however, to ensure unambiguously beneficial outcomes from this reform strategy when allowance is made for such important features as nontradeable goods, intermediate inputs, and imperfect competition.

Coordinating Tariff Reduction and Domestic Tax Reform
Coordinating Tariff Reduction and Domestic Tax Reform

Author: Michael Keen

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13:

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A key obstacle to fundamental tariff reform in many developing countries is the revenue loss that it ultimately implies. This paper establishes a simple and practicable strategy for realizing the efficiency gains from tariff reform without reducing public revenues, showing that for a small open economy, a cut in tariffs combined with a point-for-point increase in domestic consumption taxes increases both welfare and public revenues. Increasingly stringent conditions are required, however, to ensure unambiguously beneficial outcomes from this reform strategy when allowance is made for such important features as nontradeable goods, intermediate inputs, and imperfect competition.

Tariff-Tax Reforms in Large Economies
Tariff-Tax Reforms in Large Economies

Author: Mr.Giovanni Ganelli

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2012-05-01

Total Pages: 62

ISBN-13: 1475555601

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This paper studies tariff-tax reforms in a calibrated two-region global New Keynesian model composed of a developing and an advanced region. In our baseline calibration, a revenue-neutral reform that lowers tariffs in developing countries can reduce domestic welfare. The reason is that the increase in developing countries welfare due to higher output is dominated by the welfare losses stemming from the deterioration of the terms of trade. On the other hand, the reform increases output and welfare in the advanced countries and in the world as a whole. The effects that we highlight have not been studied in previous contributions to the literature, which typically looks at tariff-tax reforms using a small open economy framework. Nominal rigidities have important implications for adjustment dynamics in our model. In the case of a "point-for-point" reform, for example, price stickiness implies that the international dynamics of output is reversed compared to a revenue neutral reform.

Recent Developments in Normative Trade Theory and Welfare Economics
Recent Developments in Normative Trade Theory and Welfare Economics

Author: Binh Tran-Nam

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-05-14

Total Pages: 223

ISBN-13: 981108615X

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This volume examines important topical issues in normative trade theory and welfare economics. In particular, it seeks to investigate how far the potential gainfulness of international trade can be extended in an increasingly globalized world. The first section focuses on the gains from trade in the presence of time-consuming consumption and external increasing returns to scale, which are often neglected in traditional trade theory. The next section considers a range of issues that have practical and policy relevance, including trade liberalization, tax reform, tourism, and international migration. The last section examines the impact of income transfers, both from domestic and international perspectives, and of economic policy making. All chapters of the book are contributed by internationally well-known researchers, including Murray Kemp, Henry Wan, Ngo Van Long and some of Murray Kemp's many colleagues and former students around the world. This book, with its up-to-date information and analysis, will be essential to academics and graduate students in the field of international economics. Trade theorists in research institutions and practicing economists in governmental departments will also find this book of great interest. ​

International Trade, Economic Development, and the Vietnamese Economy
International Trade, Economic Development, and the Vietnamese Economy

Author: Cuong Le Van

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-03

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 9811905150

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This volume spotlights some of the most important economic issues confronting today's emerging developing countries. The topics studied in the book include the importance of productivity to economic growth, international trade and its relationship to productivity; immigration and brain drain; pollution havens, climate change, and the carbon tax; the effectiveness of foreign aid, the efficiency of education, and governance. Written by some of the most respected scholars in their respective fields, the individual chapters apply both economic theory and the most current empirical tools in rigorous but accessible exposition. Researchers can find value in the modeling and empirical techniques that can be applied to other countries and datasets. Policy makers can benefit from the intellectual foundation on which decisions on important issues can be based; and students of international trade, economic development, and environmental economics can gain knowledge of different country settings that give context to their fields of study.

Taxing Reforms
Taxing Reforms

Author: Richard Eccleston

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2007-01-01

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 9781782543404

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'Taxing Reforms is a good short book about the comparative policies of Value Added Taxation (VAT) in Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States. . . Taxing Reforms is a fine book, well worth reading, especially for specialists in the comparative political economy of taxation. . . its richly detailed case studies will make it a fruitful source of comparative hypotheses.' - Isaac W. Martin, Journal of Economic Literature

Modernizing VATs in Africa
Modernizing VATs in Africa

Author: Sijbren Cnossen

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2019-07-16

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 0192582372

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Most African countries are in dire need of more tax revenue. In 28 out of 45 countries with a value-added tax (VAT), total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is around 15% or less, falling short of what is necessary to finance basic human and economic development. Far from being revenue-raising instruments, current African VATs are riddled with exemptions, exclusions, and zero rates on domestic goods and services that depress revenue, are highly distortionary, and greatly complicate the administration of VAT. Modernizing VATs in Africa enables policymakers, professionals, and students to analyse African tax systems to ascertain how they can be modernized. It explains the case for VAT base-broadening over rate-increasing, arguing that exemptions and zero rates mainly accrue benefits for higher-income groups. Even more persuasively, it demonstrates that the net result of fiscal systems can be equalizing if the revenue of broad-based VATs is used to finance in-kind transfers, such as healthcare and education. VAT modernization should be used to enable governments to finance development; Modernizing VATs in Africa puts a compelling case forward for how and why this can be achieved.

Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries
Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries

Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2011-08-03

Total Pages: 86

ISBN-13: 1498339247

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The Fund has long played a lead role in supporting developing countries’ efforts to improve their revenue mobilization. This paper draws on that experience to review issues and good practice, and to assess prospects in this key area.

Studies in Indian Public Finance
Studies in Indian Public Finance

Author: M. Govinda Rao

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2022-03-02

Total Pages: 213

ISBN-13: 0192666320

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Studies in Indian Public Finance is a comprehensive analytical study of Indian public finance evaluated in the background of theories and best practice approaches. It is a comprehensive analysis of the nature and composition of public spending and its financing. Beginning with normative questions on the role of the State, the book argues that public expenditure policies in India are dominated by political economy considerations. Low revenue productivity of the tax system has constrained the ability of the government to adequately finance physical and social infrastructure at required levels causing elevated levels of large deficits and debt threatening stability, and sustainability. The book also analyses the trends and issues in Indian fiscal federalism and evaluates the effectiveness of intergovernmental transfers in a country marked with wide inter-regional disparities. The analysis also extends to the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian public finances. The book will be useful to students of economics, scholars working on the subject, and policy makers.