Conflict and Cooperation in the Global Commons
Conflict and Cooperation in the Global Commons

Author: Scott Jasper

Publisher: Georgetown University Press

Published: 2012-09-17

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1589019229

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More than ever, international security and economic prosperity depend upon safe access to the shared domains that make up the global commons: maritime, air, space, and cyberspace. Together these domains serve as essential conduits through which international commerce, communication, and governance prosper. However, the global commons are congested, contested, and competitive. In the January 2012 defense strategic guidance, the United States confirmed its commitment “to continue to lead global efforts with capable allies and partners to assure access to and use of the global commons, both by strengthening international norms of responsible behavior and by maintaining relevant and interoperable military capabilities.” In the face of persistent threats, some hybrid in nature, and their consequences, Conflict and Cooperation in the Global Commons provides a forum where contributors identify ways to strengthen and maintain responsible use of the global commons. The result is a comprehensive approach that will enhance, align, and unify commercial industry, civil agency, and military perspectives and actions.

Governing the Global Commons
Governing the Global Commons

Author: Kristi Govella

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The global commons—domains beyond the sovereign jurisdiction of any single state but to which all states have access—are essential to the stability and prosperity of the international order. To successfully manage the resources of the global commons and ensure open access to their spaces, effective governance structures must exist to accommodate and integrate the interests and responsibilities of state and non-state actors. Consequently, states have tried to come to agreements in each domain about how to enable broad access, avoid conflict, and enable cooperation. Over time, these discussions have resulted in the creation for each domain of a “regime,” a set of implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge. The United States and Japan have been drawn closer together by these issues—by their common interests in maintaining a rules-based international system as well as by their shared values. This paper provides an overarching analysis of challenges across the maritime, outer space, and cyber domains.

Conflict and Cooperation in the Global Commons
Conflict and Cooperation in the Global Commons

Author: Scott Jasper

Publisher: Georgetown University Press

Published: 2012-09-07

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1589019237

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More than ever, international security and economic prosperity depend upon safe access to the shared domains that make up the global commons: maritime, air, space, and cyberspace. Together these domains serve as essential conduits through which international commerce, communication, and governance prosper. However, the global commons are congested, contested, and competitive. In the January 2012 defense strategic guidance, the United States confirmed its commitment “to continue to lead global efforts with capable allies and partners to assure access to and use of the global commons, both by strengthening international norms of responsible behavior and by maintaining relevant and interoperable military capabilities.” In the face of persistent threats, some hybrid in nature, and their consequences, Conflict and Cooperation in the Global Commons provides a forum where contributors identify ways to strengthen and maintain responsible use of the global commons. The result is a comprehensive approach that will enhance, align, and unify commercial industry, civil agency, and military perspectives and actions.

Local Commons and Global Interdependence
Local Commons and Global Interdependence

Author: Robert O Keohane

Publisher: SAGE

Published: 1994-11-15

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 144626517X

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This volume offers a synthesis of what is known about very large and very small common-pool resources. Individuals using commons at the global or local level may find themselves in a similar situation. At an international level, states cannot appeal to authoritative hierarchies to enforce agreements they make to cooperate with one another. In some small-scale settings, participants may be just as helpless in calling on distant public officials to monitor and enforce their agreements. Scholars have independently discovered self-organizing regimes which rely on implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules and procedures rather than the command and control of a central authority. The contributors discuss the possibilities and dangers of scaling up and scaling down. They explore the impact of the number of actors and the degree of heterogeneity among actors on the likelihood of cooperative behaviour.

Securing Freedom in the Global Commons
Securing Freedom in the Global Commons

Author: Scott Jasper

Publisher: Stanford University Press

Published: 2010-02-10

Total Pages: 419

ISBN-13: 0804775990

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The new millennium has brought with it an ever-expanding range of threats to global security: from cyber attacks to blue-water piracy to provocative missile tests. Now, more than ever then, national security and prosperity depend on the safekeeping of a global system of mutually supporting networks of commerce, communication, and governance. The global commons—outer space, international waters, international airspace, and cyberspace—are assets outside of national jurisdiction that serve as essential conduits for these networks, facilitating the free flow of trade, finance, information, people, and technology. These commons also comprise much of the international security environment, enabling the physical and virtual movement and operations of allied forces. Securing freedom of use of the global commons is therefore fundamental to safeguarding the global system. Unfortunately, the fact that civil and military operations in the commons are inherently interwoven and technically interdependent makes them susceptible to intrusion. This intrinsic vulnerability confronts the international defense community with profound challenges in preserving access to the commons while countering elemental and systemic threats to the international order from both state and non-state actors. In response, the authors of this volume—a team of distinguished academics and international security practitioners—describe the military-operational requirements for securing freedom of action in the commons. Collaborating from diverse perspectives, they examine initiatives and offer frameworks that are designed to minimize vulnerabilities and preserve advantages, while recognizing that global security must be underscored by international cooperation and agreements. The book is written for security professionals, policy makers, policy analysts, military officers in professional military education programs, students of security studies and international relations, and anyone wishing to understand the challenges we face to our use of the global commons.

Non-traditional Security Threats and Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation
Non-traditional Security Threats and Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation

Author: James M. Keagle

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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The global commons have routinely been considered as physical spaces that are not under direct nation-state control -- common grassland that all must share, for example. They demand responsible management so as not to exhaust their supply (fisheries) or do irreparable harm to the world's ecosystem (species extinction, pollution of the atmosphere, contamination of potable water supplies). These spaces may also be vital to states and other global actors as they provide access and connectivity to the rest of the world (sea lines of communication). The global commons in the 21st century lexicon of security has expanded even further to consist of outer space, international waters and airspace, and cyberspace. Today, as we push the envelope even further regarding our understanding and importance of the global commons, some suggest that the human species itself constitutes an essential element of the global commons and that human rights, equitable development, ethnic cleansing, and civil wars are legitimate parts of the expanding definition of the global commons. Regardless, the global commons is an important part of regional and global security and offers challenges and opportunities for cooperation as we share this planet. Access to and use of the commons for political, economic, and military purposes has, until very recently, been almost an international fact of life. This reality is changing rapidly as concerns about climate change and diminishing supplies of raw materials as well as the assertions about the rights of the oppressed (Arab Spring) grow. Unlimited freedom to access and use the commons can and should no longer be taken for granted. Real and perceived scarcity must be addressed -- not through conflict but rather through global and regional efforts to manage our planet and govern its inhabitants more responsibly. Better understanding of these security challenges and opportunities for expanded cooperation is the purpose of this paper.

Cases in International Relations
Cases in International Relations

Author: Glenn Hastedt

Publisher: CQ Press

Published: 2014-03-01

Total Pages: 651

ISBN-13: 1483320995

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Students love good stories. That is why case studies are such a powerful way to engage students while teaching them about concepts fundamental to the study of international relations. In Cases in International Relations, Glenn Hastedt, Vaughn P. Shannon, and Donna L. Lybecker help students understand the context of headline events in the international arena. Organized into three main parts—military, economic, and human security—the book’s fifteen cases examine enduring and emerging issues from the longstanding Arab-Israeli conflict to the rapidly changing field of cyber-security. Compatible with a variety of theoretical perspectives, the cases consider a dispute’s origins, issue development, and resolution so that readers see the underlying dynamics of state behavior and can try their hand at applying theory.

Global Cooperation and the Human Factor in International Relations
Global Cooperation and the Human Factor in International Relations

Author: Dirk Messner

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-12-14

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 1317430778

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This book aims to pave the way for a new interdisciplinary approach to global cooperation research. It does so by bringing in disciplines whose insights about human behaviour might provide a crucial yet hitherto neglected foundation for understanding how and under which conditions global cooperation can succeed. As the first profoundly interdisciplinary book dealing with global cooperation, it provides the state of the art on human cooperation in selected disciplines (evolutionary anthropology and biology, decision-sciences, social psychology, complex system sciences), written by leading experts. The book argues that scholars in the field of global governance should know and could learn from what other disciplines tell us about the capabilities and limits of humans to cooperate. This new knowledge will generate food for thought and cause creative disturbances, allowing us a different interpretation of the obstacles to cooperation observed in world politics today. It also offers first accounts of interdisciplinary global cooperation research, for instance by exploring the possibilities and consequences of global we-identities, by describing the basic cooperation mechanism that are valid across disciplines, or by bringing an evolutionary perspective to diplomacy. This book will be of great interest to scholars and postgraduates in International Relations, Global Governance and International Development.

Global Commons, Domestic Decisions
Global Commons, Domestic Decisions

Author: Kathryn Harrison

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2010-07-23

Total Pages: 325

ISBN-13: 0262288877

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Comparative case studies and analyses of the influence of domestic politics on countries' climate change policies and Kyoto ratification decisions. Climate change represents a “tragedy of the commons” on a global scale, requiring the cooperation of nations that do not necessarily put the Earth's well-being above their own national interests. And yet international efforts to address global warming have met with some success; the Kyoto Protocol, in which industrialized countries committed to reducing their collective emissions, took effect in 2005 (although without the participation of the United States). Reversing the lens used by previous scholarship on the topic, Global Commons, Domestic Decisions explains international action on climate change from the perspective of countries' domestic politics. In an effort to understand both what progress has been made and why it has been so limited, experts in comparative politics look at the experience of seven jurisdictions in deciding whether or not to ratify the Kyoto Protocol and to pursue national climate change mitigation policies. By analyzing the domestic politics and international positions of the United States, Australia, Russia, China, the European Union, Japan, and Canada, the authors demonstrate clearly that decisions about global policies are often made locally, in the context of electoral and political incentives, the normative commitments of policymakers, and domestic political institutions. Using a common analytical framework throughout, the book offers a unique comparison of the domestic political forces within each nation that affect climate change policy and provides insights into why some countries have been able to adopt innovative and aggressive positions on climate change both domestically and internationally.