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Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2013-12-13
Total Pages: 146
ISBN-13: 926420492X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Baltic countries have experienced sustained emigration over the past decade, contributing to population decline and a loss of working-age population. This book examines the impact of this emigration.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Foreign Affairs
Publisher:
Published: 1965
Total Pages: 100
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Walter Iwaskiw
Publisher: CreateSpace
Published: 2013-06-13
Total Pages: 334
ISBN-13: 9781490435572
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume is one in a continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. This volume is about Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe
Publisher:
Published: 1965
Total Pages: 100
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKConsiders seventy House Concurrent Resolutions relating to the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states, including the political and cultural repression of ethnic minorities.
Author: Jacek Lubecki
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Published: 2021-08-24
Total Pages: 323
ISBN-13: 1526147556
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFollowing the passage of the fifteenth and twentieth anniversaries of the entry of many former communist states into both NATO and the EU in 2019, this book takes a comprehensive look at the changed security conditions of these new member states. How has NATO and EU membership improved their overall defence protection, and what elements are still missing for them on an individual state basis? Utilising alliance politics theory, convergence/divergence theory and defence policy theory, the book provides an invaluable assessment of defence policies, from the stable East Central European states to the most jeopardised Baltic states in the north of Europe. With chapters on the Cold War defence conditions during the last two decades of Soviet domination, post 1989–91 transformations in the direction of democracy and the impact of the 2014 Ukraine–Russia–Crimea crisis, this book is essential reading for those seeking to understand the changed landscape of European politics in the twenty-first century.
Author: Mr.Ruben Atoyan
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2016-07-20
Total Pages: 48
ISBN-13: 1498367453
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis paper analyses the impact of large and persistent emigration from Eastern European countries over the past 25 years on these countries’ growth and income convergence to advanced Europe. While emigration has likely benefited migrants themselves, the receiving countries and the EU as a whole, its impact on sending countries’ economies has been largely negative. The analysis suggests that labor outflows, particularly of skilled workers, lowered productivity growth, pushed up wages, and slowed growth and income convergence. At the same time, while remittance inflows supported financial deepening, consumption and investment in some countries, they also reduced incentives to work and led to exchange rate appreciations, eroding competiveness. The departure of the young also added to the fiscal pressures of already aging populations in Eastern Europe. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for sending countries to mitigate the negative impact of emigration on their economies, and the EU-wide initiatives that could support these efforts.
Author: Regina Cowen Karp
Publisher: Sipri Monograph
Published: 1993
Total Pages: 348
ISBN-13: 9780198291695
DOWNLOAD EBOOKV. The return of history.
Author: David A. Shlapak
Publisher:
Published: 2016
Total Pages: 15
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"Russia's recent aggression against Ukraine has disrupted nearly a generation of relative peace and stability between Moscow and its Western neighbors and raised concerns about its larger intentions. From the perspective of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the threat to the three Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania -- former Soviet republics, now member states that border Russian territory -- may be the most problematic of these. In a series of war games conducted between summer 2014 and spring 2015, RAND Arroyo Center examined the shape and probable outcome of a near-term Russian invasion of the Baltic states. The games' findings are unambiguous: As presently postured, NATO cannot successfully defend the territory of its most exposed members. Fortunately, it will not require Herculean effort to avoid such a failure. Further gaming indicates that a force of about seven brigades, including three heavy armored brigades -- adequately supported by airpower, land-based fires, and other enablers on the ground and ready to fight at the onset of hostilities -- could suffice to prevent the rapid overrun of the Baltic states"--Publisher's web site.
Author: United States Air Force Academy. Library
Publisher:
Published: 1967
Total Pages: 36
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Thomas Lane
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2013-11-05
Total Pages: 708
ISBN-13: 113648311X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSince the end of the Cold War there has been an increased interest in the Baltics. The Baltic States brings together three titles, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, to provide a comprehensive and analytical guide integrating history, political science, economic development and contemporary events into one account. Since gaining their independence, each country has developed at its own pace with its own agenda and facing its own obstacles. The authors examine the tensions accompanying a post-communist return to Europe after the long years of separation and how each country has responded to the demands of becoming a modern European state. Estonia was the first of the former Soviet republics to enter membership negotiations with the European Union in 1988 and is a potential candidate for the next round of EU expansion in 2004. Lithuania and Latvia have also expressed their desire for future membership of NATO and the EU.
