Complex Mixtures
Complex Mixtures

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1988-02-01

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 0309037786

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In the laboratory, testing the toxic effects for a single compound is a straightforward process. However, many common harmful substances occur naturally as mixtures and can interact to exhibit greater toxic effects as a mixture than the individual components exhibit separately. Complex Mixtures addresses the problem of identifying and classifying complex mixtures, investigating the effect of exposure, and the research problems inherent in testing their toxicity to human beings. A complete series of case studies is presented, including one that examines the cofactors of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoke.

Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures
Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures

Author: Michael D. Waters

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-13

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 1468458507

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Contained in this volume are the proceedings of the international conference on the "Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures," held from July 4-7, 1989, in Washington, DC. This meeting was a satellite of the "Fifth International Conference on Environmental Mutagens" and the seventh in a biennial series of conferences on "Short-term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures. " Our central objective in calling together key researchers from around the world was to extend our knowledge of the application of the methods of genetic toxicology and analytical chemistry in the evaluation of chemical mixtures as they exist in the environment. This conference emphasized the study of genotoxicants in air and water, and the assessment of human exposure and cancer risk. The latest strategies and methodologies for biomonitoring of genotoxicants (including transformation products) were described in the context of the ambient environment. Source character ization and source apportionment were discussed as an aid to understand ing the origin and relative contribution of various kinds of complex mix tures to the ambient environment. Similarly, investigations of genotoxi cants found in the indoor environment (sidestream cigarette smoke) and in drinking water (chlorohydroxyfuranones) were given special attention in terms of their potential health impacts. New molecular techniques were described to enable more precise quantitation of internal dose and dose to-target tissues. The emphasis of presentations on exposures/effects assessment was on integrated quantitative evaluation of human exposure and potential health effects.

Marine Anthropogenic Litter
Marine Anthropogenic Litter

Author: Melanie Bergmann

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-06-01

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13: 3319165100

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This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.

Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures
Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures

Author: Raymond S.H. Yang

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 745

ISBN-13: 1483289400

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Although toxicologic studies in the laboratory often focus on a single chemical, in the larger world, mixtures of chemicals are routinely encountered. Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures examines the mechanisms of interactions and health effects stemming from chemical mixtures in the environment. Toxicologists, pharmacologists, environmental scientists, and professionals involved in environmental clean-ups will benefit from its content. Emphasis is on low-level, long-term exposure.Some of the issues addressed include - Target organ toxicities in response to chemical mixture exposures - Risk assessment and experimental approaches - Case studies and special pollution problems - Special pollution problems

Organochromium compounds
Organochromium compounds

Author: R Sneeden

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 0323155375

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Organochromium Compounds is a three-chapter text that covers the major developments in the preparation, characterization, and reaction of the five main classes of organochromium compounds. These classes include the chromium p and solvated sodium and lithium poly(organo)chromate(III) and (II) complexes, carbenoid-chromium, solvated s-bonded organochromium(III) and (II), solvated sodium and lithium poly(organo)chromate(III) and (II) complexes, and unsolvated s-bonded tetra(organo)chromium(IV) compounds. This book will be of value to organic chemists and researchers who are interested in organotransition metal chemistry.