Commerce by a Frozen Sea

Commerce by a Frozen Sea

Author: Ann M. Carlos

Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press

Published: 2011-06-06

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 0812204824

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Commerce by a Frozen Sea is a cross-cultural study of a century of contact between North American native peoples and Europeans. During the eighteenth century, the natives of the Hudson Bay lowlands and their European trading partners were brought together by an increasingly popular trade in furs, destined for the hat and fur markets of Europe. Native Americans were the sole trappers of furs, which they traded to English and French merchants. The trade gave Native Americans access to new European technologies that were integrated into Indian lifeways. What emerges from this detailed exploration is a story of two equal partners involved in a mutually beneficial trade. Drawing on more than seventy years of trade records from the archives of the Hudson's Bay Company, economic historians Ann M. Carlos and Frank D. Lewis critique and confront many of the myths commonly held about the nature and impact of commercial trade. Extensively documented are the ways in which natives transformed the trading environment and determined the range of goods offered to them. Natives were effective bargainers who demanded practical items such as firearms, kettles, and blankets as well as luxuries like cloth, jewelry, and tobacco—goods similar to those purchased by Europeans. Surprisingly little alcohol was traded. Indeed, Commerce by a Frozen Sea shows that natives were industrious people who achieved a standard of living above that of most workers in Europe. Although they later fell behind, the eighteenth century was, for Native Americans, a golden age.


The Merchants Map of Commerce: Wherein the Universal Manner and Matter of Trade is Compendiously Handled. The Standard and Current Coins of Sundry Princes Observed. The Real and Imaginary Coins of Accounts and Exchanges Expressed. The Natural and Artificial Commodities of All Cpuntreys for Transportation Declared. The Weights and Measures of All Eminent Cities and Towns of Traffick, Collected and Reduced One Into Another; and All to the Meridian of Commerce Practised in the Famous City of London. By Lewes Roberts, Merchant. Necessary for All Such as Shall be Imployed in the Publick Affairs of Princes in Foreign Parts, for All Gentlemen and Others that Travel Abroad for Delight Or Pleasure, and for All Merchants Or Their Factors that Exercise the Art of Merchandizing in Any Part of the Habitable Word

The Merchants Map of Commerce: Wherein the Universal Manner and Matter of Trade is Compendiously Handled. The Standard and Current Coins of Sundry Princes Observed. The Real and Imaginary Coins of Accounts and Exchanges Expressed. The Natural and Artificial Commodities of All Cpuntreys for Transportation Declared. The Weights and Measures of All Eminent Cities and Towns of Traffick, Collected and Reduced One Into Another; and All to the Meridian of Commerce Practised in the Famous City of London. By Lewes Roberts, Merchant. Necessary for All Such as Shall be Imployed in the Publick Affairs of Princes in Foreign Parts, for All Gentlemen and Others that Travel Abroad for Delight Or Pleasure, and for All Merchants Or Their Factors that Exercise the Art of Merchandizing in Any Part of the Habitable Word

Author: Roberts Lewe

Publisher:

Published: 1677

Total Pages: 494

ISBN-13:

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Commercial Cosmopolitanism?

Commercial Cosmopolitanism?

Author: Felicia Gottmann

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-03-30

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 100035380X

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This book showcases the wide variety of commercial cosmopolitan practices that arose from the global economic entanglements of the early modern period. Cosmopolitanism is not only a philosophical ideal: for many centuries it has also been an everyday practice across the globe. The early modern era saw hitherto unprecedented levels of economic interconnectedness. States, societies, and individuals reacted with a mixture of commercial idealism and commercial anxiety, seeking at once to exploit new opportunities for growth whilst limiting its disruptive effects. In highlighting the range of commercial cosmopolitan practices that grew out of early modern globalisation, the book demonstrates that it provided robust alternatives to the universalising western imperial model of the later period. Deploying a number of interdisciplinary methodologies, the kind of ‘methodological cosmopolitanism’ that Ulrich Beck has called for, chapters provide agency-centred evaluations of the risks and opportunities inherent in the ambiguous role of the cosmopolitan, who, often playing on and mobilising a number of identities, operated in between and outside of different established legal, social, and cultural systems. The book will be important reading for students and scholars working at the intersection of economic, global, and cultural history.