The Portuguese Colonial Empire established its base in Africa in the fifteenth century and would not be dissolved until 1975. This book investigates how the different populations under Portuguese rule were represented within the context of the Colonial Empire by examining the relationship between these representations and the meanings attached to the notion of ‘race’. Colour, for example, an apparently objective criterion of classification, became a synonym or near-synonym for ‘race’, a more abstract notion for which attempts were made to establish scientific credibility. Through her analysis of government documents, colonial propaganda materials and interviews, the author employs an anthropological perspective to examine how the existence of racist theories, originating in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, went on to inform the policy of the Estado Novo (Second Republic, 1933–1974) and the production of academic literature on ‘race’ in Portugal. This study provides insight into the relationship between the racist formulations disseminated in Portugal and the racist theories produced from the eighteenth century onward in Europe and beyond.
This volume represents a unique collection of chapters on the way in which color is categorized and named in a number of languages. Although color research has been a topic of focus for researchers for decades, the contributions here show that many aspects of color language and categorization are as yet unexplored, and that current theories and methodologies which investigate color language are still evolving. Some core questions addressed here include: How is color conceptualized through language? What kind of linguistic tools do languages use to describe color? Which factors tend to bias color language? What methodologies could be used to understand human color categorization and language better? How do color vocabularies evolve? How does context impact the color cognition? The chapters collected here adopt different theoretical and methodological approaches in describing new empirical research on how the concept of color is represented in a variety of different languages. Researchers in linguistics, psychology, and cognitive science present a set of new explorations and challenges in the area of color language. The book promotes several methodological and disciplinary dimensions to color studies. The color category is given an in-depth and broad-based examination, so a reader interested in color conceptualization for itself will be able to form a solid vision of the subject.
Are you ready to embark on a language-learning journey? Look no further! "Portuguese Language for Foreigners: The Complete Beginner's Guide to Learning Portuguese and Traveling in Portugal as Presented by the World's Best Universities" is the ultimate resource for anyone who wants to learn Portuguese and immerse themselves in the vibrant culture of Portugal. With the expertise of the world's top universities, this book provides a comprehensive compilation of texts, exercises, and valuable resources used to teach Portuguese to foreigners. Whether you prefer independent learning or want to study with a partner, this guide offers the most effective methods to help you master the Portuguese language. It's also a valuable manual for Portuguese language teachers and lecturers, providing them with the tools they need to create engaging and dynamic lessons. What sets this book apart is the author's extensive experience teaching Portuguese to foreign students, including establishing Portuguese departments in prominent Chinese universities. Through collaborations with esteemed institutions like the Universities of Guangdong, Harbin, Jilin, and Shanghai, the author has gained invaluable insights into language learning. With this knowledge, they have meticulously researched existing resources in the market to create a manual that guarantees faster, better, and more motivating results. As a lecturer, the author has been recognized as one of the most efficient language teachers in China. They have been recommended by the Portuguese Embassy as one of their best lecturers ever. Their students have even won numerous national awards for their exceptional speech, translation, interpretation, and writing skills. Impressively, many of these students have achieved fluency in Portuguese within just one month. The impact of this book is undeniable. Former students have gone on to become successful managers, entrepreneurs, translators, and interpreters in various renowned companies worldwide. They have found opportunities in countries such as Brazil, Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, Spain, Saudi Arabia, China, England, and the USA. This immersive guide to learning Portuguese is not just about acquiring language proficiency. It's an invitation to explore the rich and diverse Portuguese-speaking world. Whether you're planning a trip to Portugal, want to connect with Portuguese-speaking communities, or simply have a passion for language learning, "Portuguese Language for Foreigners" is your gateway to rewarding experiences and endless possibilities. Ready to embark on your language-learning journey? Buy "Portuguese Language for Foreigners" now and unleash your linguistic potential!
Stroll Lisbon's cobbled lanes, cruise the Douro River, and soak up the sun on Algarve beaches: experience Portugal with Rick Steves! Inside Rick Steves Portugal you'll find: Comprehensive coverage for spending a week or more exploring Portugal Rick's strategic advice on how to get the most out of your time and money, with rankings of his must-see favorites Top sights and hidden gems, from the bone chapel of Évora and the palaces of Sintra to seaside street food and lush vineyards How to connect with culture: Chat with friendly locals over a glass of vinho verde, enjoy a dinner of fresh seafood stew, or spend an evening at a bluesy fado bar Beat the crowds, skip the lines, and avoid tourist traps with Rick's candid, humorous insight The best places to eat, sleep, and relax with a glass of local port Self-guided walking tours of lively neighborhoods and historic museums Detailed maps for exploring on the go Useful resources including a packing list, a Portuguese phrase book, a historical overview, and recommended reading Over 400 bible-thin pages include everything worth seeing without weighing you down Complete, up-to-date information on Lisbon, Sintra, Salema, Cape Sagres, Lagos, Tavira, Évora, Nazaré, Batalha, Fátima, Alcobaça, Óbidos, Coimbra, Porto, Peso de Régua, Pinhão, and more Make the most of every day and every dollar with Rick Steves Portugal.
Despite the many advances that the United States has made in racial equality over the past half century, numerous events within the past several years have proven prejudice to be alive and well in modern-day America. In one such example, Governor Nikki Haley of South Carolina dismissed one of her principal advisors in 2013 when his membership in the ultra-conservative Council of Conservative Citizens (CCC) came to light. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, in 2001 the CCC website included a message that read "God is the one who divided mankind into different races.... Mixing the races is rebelliousness against God." This episode reveals America's continuing struggle with race, racial integration, and race mixing-a problem that has plagued the United States since its earliest days as a nation. The Color Factor: The Economics of African-American Well-Being in the Nineteenth-Century South demonstrates that the emergent twenty-first-century recognition of race mixing and the relative advantages of light-skinned, mixed-race people represent a re-emergence of one salient feature of race in America that dates to its founding. Economist Howard Bodenhorn presents the first full-length study of the ways in which skin color intersected with policy, society, and economy in the nineteenth-century South. With empirical and statistical rigor, the investigation confirms that individuals of mixed race experienced advantages over African Americans in multiple dimensions - in occupations, family formation and family size, wealth, health, and access to freedom, among other criteria. The Color Factor concludes that we will not really understand race until we understand how American attitudes toward race were shaped by race mixing. The text is an ideal resource for students, social scientists, and historians, and anyone hoping to gain a deeper understanding of the historical roots of modern race dynamics in America.
