Hydrate research has expanded substantially over the past decade, resulting in more than 4,000 hydrate-related publications. Collating this vast amount of information into one source, Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, Third Edition presents a thoroughly updated, authoritative, and comprehensive description of all major aspects of natural gas cla
Striking a balance between theoretical and experimental perspectives, this book presents a historical overview of clathrate hydrates and examines future trends, reviews crystal structures and properties, reveals industrial applications of clathrate hydrates in the production and processing of natural gas, discusses hydrate kinetics and elucidates the current status of hydrate time dependence, analyzes time-independent phase equilibria, and more. With nearly 300 tables and illustrations, the book is a practical guide for chemical, design, process, petroleum, and mechanical engineers; chemists and geochemists; geologists; geophysicists; and graduate-level students in these disciplines.
The petroleum industry spends millions of dollars every year to combat the formation of hydrates-the solid, crystalline compounds that form from water and small molecules-that cause problems by plugging transmission lines and damaging equipment. They are a problem in the production, transmission and processing of natural gas, and it is even possible for them to form in the reservoir itself if the conditions are favorable. Natural Gas Hydrates is written for the field engineer working in the natural gas industry. This book explains how, when and where hydrates form, while providing the knowledge necessary to apply remedies in practical applications. New to the second edition, the use of new inhibitors: Kinetic Inhibitors and Anticoagulants and the topic of kinetics of hydrates. How fast do they form? How fast do they melt? New chapters on Hydrates in Nature, hydrates on the seafloor and a new section has also been added regarding the misconceptions about water dew points. Chapters on Hydrate Types and Formers, Computer Methods, Inhibiting Hydrate Formation with Chemicals, Dehydration of Natural Gas and Phase Diagrams Hydrate Dehydration of Natural Gas and Phase Diagrams have been expanded and updated along with the companion website. - Understand what gas hydrates are, how they form and what can be done to combat their formation - Avoid the same problems BP experienced with clogged pipelines - Presents the four most common approaches to evaluate hydrates: heat, depressurization, inhibitor chemicals, and dehydration
As is now generally accepted mankind’s burning of fossil fuels has resulted in the mass transfer of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, a modification of the delicately-balanced global carbon cycle, and a measurable change in world-wide temperatures and climate. Although not the most powerful greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO) drives climate 2 change due to the enormous volumes of this gas pumped into the atmosphere every day. Produced in almost equal parts by the transportation, industrial and energy-generating sectors, atmospheric CO concentrations have 2 increased by about 50% over the last 300 years, and according to some sources are predicted to increase by up to 200% over pre-industrial levels during the next 100 years. If we are to reverse this trend, in order to prevent significant environmental change in the future, action must be taken immediately. While reduced use of fossil fuels (through conservation, increased efficiency and expanded use of renewable energy sources) must be our ultimate goal, short to medium term solutions are needed which can make an impact today. Various types of CO storage techniques have been proposed to fill this 2 need, with the injection of this gas into deep geological reservoirs being one of the most promising. For example this approach has the potential to become a closed loop system, whereby underground energy resources are brought to surface, their energy extracted (via burning or hydrogen extraction), and the resulting by-products returned to the subsurface.
Offering indispensable insight from experts in the field, Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, Third Edition provides an introduction to the gas industry and the processes required to convert wellhead gas into valuable natural gas and hydrocarbon liquids products including LNG. The authors compile information from the literature, meeting proceedings, short courses, and their own work experiences to give an accurate picture of where gas processing technology stands today as well as to highlight relatively new technologies that could become important in the future. The third edition of this bestselling text features updates on North American gas processing and changing gas treating requirements due to shale gas production. It covers the international nature of natural gas trade, LNG, economics, and more. To help nonengineers understand technical issues, the first 5 chapters present an overview of the basic engineering concepts applicable throughout the gas, oil, and chemical industries. The following 15 chapters address natural gas processing, with a focus on gas plant processes and technologies. The book contains 2 appendices. The first contains an updated glossary of gas processing terminology. The second is available only online and contains useful conversion factors and physical properties data. Aimed at students as well as natural gas processing professionals, this edition includes both discussion questions and exercises designed to reinforce important concepts, making this book suitable as a textbook in upper-level or graduate engineering courses.
Natural Gas Hydrates, Fourth Edition, provides a critical reference for engineers who are new to the field. Covering the fundamental properties, thermodynamics and behavior of hydrates in multiphase systems, this reference explains the basics before advancing to more practical applications, the latest developments and models. Updated sections include a new hydrate toolbox, updated correlations and computer methods. Rounding out with new case study examples, this new edition gives engineers an important tool to continue to control and mitigate hydrates in a safe and effective manner. - Presents an updated reference with structured comparisons on hydrate calculation methods that are supported by practical case studies and a current list of inhibitor patents - Provides a comprehensive understanding of new hydrate management strategies, particularly for multiphase pipeline operations - Covers future challenges, such as carbon sequestration with simultaneous production of methane from hydrates
Page 1 ENERGY FROM GAS HYDRATES: ASSESSING THE OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES FOR CANADA The Expert Panel on Gas Hydrates Council of Canadian Academies Science Advice in the Public Interest Conseil des académies canadiennes EnErgy from gas HydratEs - assEssing tHE opportunitiEs and CHallEngEs for Canada Report of the Expert Panel on Gas Hydrates iv Energy from Gas Hydrates tHE CounCil of Canadian aCad [...] Engineering and the RSC: The Academies of. [...] The reviewers assessed the objectivity and quality of. [...] Gas Hydrate Basics - Introduction to the Science and Occurrence of. [...] Energy from Gas Hydrates 3 ovErviEW of gas HydratEs - a primEr on tHE ContEXt The gas held in naturally occurring gas hydrate is generated by microbial or thermal alteration of.
A new rapidly progressing field on the crossroads among chemistry, biochemistry, physics and technology - supramolecular chemistry - has just emerged. You have to be involved, to know what's going on in this domain and to take part in the development. This book will show you in a condensed form exciting phenomena unthinkable within the realm of classical organic chemistry (for example, alkali metal anions or cyclobutadiene stable for month at room temperature) that not only provide the basis for revolutionizing numerous branches of industry but also improve our understanding of the functioning of living organisms and of the origin of life. Designing supramolecular systems with desired properties will among others make chemical industry cleaner and more safe, electronics smaller by developing devices composed of single molecule or molecular aggregate. It will also entirely change the way we use energy resources. In addition, it will also transform the pharmaceutical industry and medicine by developing new ways of drugs administration and new composite biocompatible materials which will serve as implants of new generation changing dentistry, surgery, and other branches of medicine. You cannot afford to stand apart. With its brief but comprehensive and vivid presentation including the latest development, Introduction to Supramolecular Chemistry is the best method to get into this domain. This book provides an excellent summary of information scattered across the literature. The brief but comprehensive coverage of the whole field including practically all important group of compounds forming aggregates (in particular crown ethers, cavitands, fullerenes, cyclodextrins and their complexes) provisioning full references for the discussed subjects make this book of value not only for Ph.D. students and non-specialists in this domain but also for those working in the field. The book has been found to be a particularly useful resource for students and more generally for those wanting to get the up-to-date concise account of this exciting field.
