Incorporating more than 3,000 illustrations, Kornwolf's work conveys the full range of the colonial encounter with the continent's geography, from the high forms of architecture through formal landscape design and town planning. From these pages emerge the fine arts of environmental design, an understanding of the political and economic events that helped to determine settlement in North America, an appreciation of the various architectural and landscape forms that the settlers created, and an awareness of the diversity of the continent's geography and its peoples. Considering the humblest buildings along with the mansions of the wealthy and powerful, public buildings, forts, and churches, Kornwolf captures the true dynamism and diversity of colonial communities - their rivalries and frictions, their outlooks and attitudes - as they extended their hold on the land.
This open access book revisits the theoretical foundations of urban planning and the application of these concepts and methods in the context of Southern countries by examining several case studies from different regions of the world. For instance, the case of Koudougou, a medium-sized city in one of the poorest countries in the world, Burkina Faso, with a population of 115.000 inhabitants, allows us to understand concretely which and how these deficiencies are translated in an African urban context. In contrast, the case of Nueve de Julio, intermediate city of 50.000 dwellers in the pampa Argentina, addresses the new forms of spatial fragmentation and social exclusion linked with agro export and crisis of the international markets. Case studies are also included for cities in Asia and Latin America. Differences and similarities between cases allow us to foresee alternative models of urban planning better adapted to tackle poverty and find efficient ways for more inclusive cities in developing and emerging countries, interacting several dimensions linked with high rates of urbanization: territorial fragmentation; environmental contamination; social disparities and exclusion, informal economy and habitat, urban governance and democracy.
Modern cities are facing the growing problem of congestion, poor air quality and lack of public space. To ameliorate the condition of goods transport in cities, sustainable city logistics planning is essential. It requires a collaborative approach among city logistics stakeholders for consolidated goods distribution inside city centers to minimize their negative impacts on city residents and their environment. The book presents theoretical studies, state of the art, and practical applications in the area of sustainable city logistics. It is composed of nine chapters. A brief description of the various chapters is provided as follows: Chapter 1 by Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan and Syed Tahaur Rehman presents a review of literature and future prospects on sustainable city logistics. Globalization, governmental rules, and regulations enforce decision makers and managers to incorporate sustainability in every aspect of their decision making (DM) specifically in city logistics. The area of sustainable city logistics is still in its developing stage and not many authors explore sustainability aspects in city logistics. The focus of this chapter is to review existing literature related to city logistics that considered sustainability in DM. A total of 40 articles that were published between 2010 to 2019 have been considered and categorized in terms of objective of study, area of research focus such as qualitative, quantitative, case study etc., and multi criteria DM methods. Finally, future prospects and directions has been proposed in sustainable city logistics. Chapter 2 by Sättar Ezzati presents challenges and opportunities in maritime logistics empty container repositioning. Maritime logistics and freight transportation are extensive and complex sectors that involve large material resources and represent intricate relationships between trade-off the various decisions and policies affecting different components. Because of the globalization, e-market and high level of customization trends, the sector has faced diversified challenges on different levels of planning including designing, scheduling, fleet sizing, decisions about container ownership, leasing and empty container repositioning, uncertainty and collaboration opportunities that already has provoked advanced coordination and intelligent optimization techniques for its global operations from strategic and tactical perspectives. Large attention of this chapter concentrates on empty containers repositioning problem and potential pathways to address this issue and how container shipping companies can handle this challenge with the help of operations research techniques from the perspectives of shipping business industry. To do so, this chapter presents a comprehensive and systematic literature review mainly focused on recent publications correspond to these logistics that maritime industries are facing. Chapter 3 by Yisha Luo, Ali Alaghbandrad, Tersoo Kelechukwu, and Amin Hammad addresses the theme of smart multi-purpose utility tunnels. In terms of sustainable practices, the conventional method of open cut utility installation has proven to be a short-term solution, considering its negative impact on the environment, and its social disruptive nature. An alternative to open cut utility installation is Multi-purpose Utility Tunnels (MUTs), as it offers an economic, sustainable, and easy to manage and inspect method of utility placement. The risks associated with MUTs are both natural and manmade. As a way of tackling these risks, smart MUTs with the use of sensors will reduce the effects of the risks while supporting the operation and maintenance processes for MUT operators. To enhance decision making, data collected from the sensors are used in the MUT Information Modelling (MUTIM). MUTIM includes the utility tunnel structural model with utilities, equipment, sensors, and devices that can be used for emergency management increasing the sustainability and resilience of smart cities. Chapter 4 by Léonard Ryo Morin, Fabian Bastin, Emma Frejinger, and Martin Trépanier model truck route choices in an urban area using a recursive logit model and GPS data. They explore the use of GPS devices to capture heavy truck routes in the Montreal urban road network. The main focus lies on trips that originate or depart from intermodal terminals (rail yard, port). They descriptively analyse GPS data and use the data to estimate a recursive logit model by means of maximum likelihood. The results show the main factors affecting the route choice decisions. Using this type of predictive models when planning and designing the transport network nearby intermodal terminals could offer opportunities to reduce the negative impacts on truck movements, as the CO2 emissions. Chapter 5 by Akolade Adegoke presents a literature review on benchmarking port sustainability performance. Sustainable development agendas are challenging the world and ports, in particular, to find ways to become more efficient while meeting economic, social and environmental objectives. Although there has been a considerable body of documentation on port green practices and performance in Europe and America, there is limited synthesis about evaluation of sustainable practices in the context of Canadian ports. This chapter provides a review of literature and initiatives employed by global ports authorities and identifies major sustainability performance indicators. Chapter 6 by Silke Hoehl, Kai-Oliver Schocke, and Petra Schaefer presents analysis and recommendations of delivery strategies in urban and suburban areas. A research series about commercial transport started in the region of Frankfurt/Main (Germany) started in 2014. The first project dealt with the commercial transport in the city centre of Frankfurt/Main. One hypothesis was that CEP vehicles are congesting the streets. A data base was built by collecting data in two streets in the centre of Frankfurt. Contrary to the expectation a significant part of commercial transport is caused by vehicles of craftsmen. After that, in 2016 the second project examined the delivery strategies of four CEP companies in Frankfurt. One research question was if CEP companies use different delivery strategies in different parts of the city. Therefore 40 delivery tours were accompanied and data was collected e.g. number of stops, number of parcels per stops, car type, transport situation, parking situation, shift lengths or GPS-track. In parallel, the traffic situation in several districts of Frankfurt were analyzed. In a third part, the two streams were put together to recommend delivery strategies for CEP-companies as well as useful insights for local authorities. As a third project of the research series a new project has just begun. The study area has been extended to the entire RheinMain region. It deals with the commercial transport and faces the challenge to manage commercial transport at a low emission level. On the one hand, the methodologies of the two preceding projects will be applied to a suburban area in the region. Recommendations will be developed. On the other hand, loading zones for electric vehicles in Frankfurt will be identified and developed. After that, a conference will give a wide overview of existing delivery concepts. By pointing out critical situations in the delivery chain, the whole last mile will be described. Chapter 7 by Shuai Ma, Jia Yu, and Ahmet Satir presents a scheme for sequential decision making with a risk-sensitive objective and constraints in a dynamic scenario. A neural network is trained as an approximator of the mapping from parameter space to space of risk and policy with risk-sensitive constraints. For a given risk-sensitive problem, in which the objective and constraints are, or can be estimated by, functions of the mean and variance of return, we generate a synthetic dataset as training data. Parameters defining a targeted process might be dynamic, i.e., they might vary over time, so we sample them within specified intervals to deal with these dynamics. We show that: i). Most risk measures can be estimated with the return variance; ii). By virtue of the state-augmentation transformation, practical problems modeled by Markov decision processes with stochastic rewards can be solved in a risk-sensitive scenario; and iii). The proposed scheme is validated by a numerical experiment. Chapter 8 by J.H.R. van Duin, B. Enserink, J.J. Daleman, and M. Vaandrager addresses the theme of sustainable alternatives selection for parcel delivery. The GHG-emissions of the transport sector are still increasing. This trend is accompanied by the strong growth of the e-commerce sector, leading to more transport movements on our road networks. In order to mitigate the externalities of the e-commerce related parcel delivery market and try to make it more sustainable, the following research question has been drafted: How could the last mile parcel delivery process beco
This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in urban and regional planning processes and science, as presented by international researchers at the 11th International Conference on Innovation in Urban and Regional Planning (INPUT), held in Catania, Italy, on September 8-10, 2021. The overarching theme of the conference INPUT 2021 was “Integrating Nature-Based Solutions in Planning Science and Practice”, with contributes focusing on functionality of urban ecosystems toward more healthier and resilient cities, planning solutions for socio-ecological systems, technologies and hybrid models for spatial planning, geodesign, urban metabolism, computational planning, ecosystems services, green infrastructure, climate change adaptation and mitigation, rural landscapes, cultural heritage, and accessibility for urban planning. The conference brought together international scholars in the field of planning, civil engineering and architecture, ecology and social science, to build and consolidate the knowledge and evidence on NBS in urban and regional planning.
Excerpt from City Planning, Vol. 3: Official Organ of the American City Planning Institute, the National Conference on City Planning; January, 1927 Inside such broad American characterization, however, our regional plans will doubtless take on many differentiating characteristics due to sectional habits, traditions, resources and climate. Consequently, in a paper like this, dealing with the subject for the whole nation, one must paint in broad strokes, describe objectives in general terms that are subject to infinite modification in their detailed application, give approximations rather than exact measurements. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
This is the third book in the series offering a new selection of the best urban planning scholarship from each of the world's planning school associations. The award winning papers presented illustrate the concerns and the discourse of planning scholarship communities and provide a glimpse into planning theory and practice by planning academics around the world. All those with an interest in urban and regional planning will find this collection valuable in opening new avenues for research and debate.
Why plan? How and what do we plan? Who plans for whom? These three questions are then applied across three major topics in planning: States, Markets, and the Provision of Social Goods; The Methods and Substance of Planning; and Agency, Implementation, and Decision Making.
This book examines planning education provision and approaches globally, through a comparative and longitudinal perspective. It explores the emergence of planning education in the 20th century, with its rich variation and yet a remarkable degree of cross-fertilization. Each of the sections of the book is framed by an overview essay which has been prepared by the editors to provide the reader with a critical exposure to relevant scholarship drawing on the detailed case studies and exploratory essays on key issues in planning education. The first part of this volume focuses on the emergence of planning education programs in the twentieth century as a way to understand the current planning education environment. Then we explore how education in urban, regional and spatial planning has developed in different ways in different countries and continents. The final part of this volume aims to envision how planning can adapt and develop to remain relevant to the development of human environments in the 21st century. Urban planning education has become a pervasive practice throughout the world as urbanization and development pressures have increased over the past half century, and as demand increased for professional trained experts to guide those processes. The approaches vary widely, based in part upon the discipline from which the planning program developed as well as the context-specific challenges within the country or region where the program resides.
This is the fourth edition of the classic text for students of urban and regional planning. It gives a historical overview of the developments and changes in the theory and practice of planning, throughout the entiretwentieth century. This extensively revised edition follows the successful format of previous editions. Specific reference is made to the most important British developments in recent times, including the devolution of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the establishment of the Mayor of London and the dominant urban sustainability paradigm. Planning in Western Europe, since 1945, now incorporates new material on EU-wide issues as well as updated country specific sections. Planning in the United States since 1945, now discusses the continuing trends of urban dispersal and social polarisation, as well as initiatives in land use planning and transportation policies. The book looks at the nature of the planning process at the end of the twentieth century and looks forward to the twenty-first century.
Gentrification and displacement of low-income communities of color are major issues in New York City and the city’s zoning policies are a major cause. Race matters but the city ignores it when shaping land use and housing policies. The city promises “affordable housing” that is not truly affordable. Zoned Out! shows how this has played in Williamsburg, Harlem and Chinatown, neighborhoods facing massive displacement of people of color. It looks at ways the city can address inequalities, promote authentic community-based planning and develop housing in the public domain. Tom Angotti and Sylvia Morse frame the revised edition of this seminal work with a tribute to the late urbanist and architect Michael Sorkin and his progressive and revolutionary approaches to cities as well as a new preface about changes in city policy since Mayor Bill de Blasio left office and what rights citizens need to defend. The book includes a foreword by the late, distinguished urban planning educator Peter Marcuse and individual chapters by community activist Philip DePaola, housing policy analyst Samuel Stein, and both the editors.
