Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition
Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition

Author: Roland N. Pittman

Publisher: Biota Publishing

Published: 2016-08-18

Total Pages: 117

ISBN-13: 1615047212

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This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Steam Distribution Systems Deskbook
Steam Distribution Systems Deskbook

Author: James F. McCauley

Publisher: The Fairmont Press, Inc.

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 442

ISBN-13: 9780881733037

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This book was written to assist plant engineers and technicians in the areas of cost effective steam distribution and condensate systems management, including the reduction of toxic waste by-products, as now required by government standards. The fully illustrated presentation offers proven engineering and management techniques for simultaneously reducing steam waste, fuel consumption and toxic wastes, thereby resulting in significant long term cost savings. You'll find detailed coverage of the steam and condensate piping structure, layout excavations and enclosures, system protection, thermal insulation, valves, valve drive mechanisms, controls and metering, and steam traps.

Electric Distribution Systems
Electric Distribution Systems

Author: Abdelhay A. Sallam

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-04-18

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 1118002210

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This book provides a comprehensive treatment of electric distribution systems. Few books cover specific topics in more depth and there is hardly any book that deals with the key topics of interest to distribution system engineers. The book introduces these topics from two points of view: 1) The practical point of view by providing practical examples and the problems which can be solved. 2) The academic point of view where the analysis and various techniques used for distribution system planning are explained. The most outstanding feature of this book is a combination of practical and academic explanation of its contents. Another outstanding feature is a collection of the traditional and current topics of distribution systems condensed into one book. The reader will gain an understanding of distribution systems from both practical and academic aspects, will be able to outline and design a distribution system for specific loads, cities, zones, etc.. Readers will also be able to recognize the problems which may occur during the operation of distribution systems and be able to propose solutions for these problems.

Ecological Geography of the Sea
Ecological Geography of the Sea

Author: Alan R. Longhurst

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2010-08-03

Total Pages: 575

ISBN-13: 0080465579

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This book presents an in-depth discussion of the biological and ecological geography of the oceans. It synthesizes locally restricted studies of the ocean to generate a global geography of the vast marine world.Based on patterns of algal ecology, the book divides the ocean into four primary compartments, which are then subdivided into secondary compartments. *Includes color insert of the latest in satellite imagery showing the world's oceans, their similarities and differences*Revised and updated to reflect the latest in oceanographic research*Ideal for anyone interested in understanding ocean ecology -- accessible and informative

Drinking Water Distribution Systems
Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2006-12-22

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 0309133955

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Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.