This book presents a thorough and authoritative overview of the multifaceted field of antibiotic science – offering guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases. Provides readers with knowledge about the broad field of drug resistance Offers guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases Links strategies to analyze microbes to the development of new drugs, socioeconomic impacts to therapeutic strategies, and public policies to antibiotic-resistance-prevention strategies
Penicillins and cephalosporins have a long history in combating bacterial infections. Despite new infectious diseases and occurring resistance, beta-lactam antibiotics will for many years to come continue to play a prominent role in our therapeutic arsenal. This book covers the industrial development of the chemical and biochemical processes used to manufacture these products, as well as looking ahead to possible future processes. The interplay between synthetic organic chemistry with the understanding and application of enzymes, modeling of fermentation processes and integration through (bio-) chemical process engineering is illustrated. In-depth scientific approaches to biocatalysis and biocatalyst development including enzyme kinetics, enzyme crystal studies and semi-rational enzyme mutations are also presented. Metabolic pathway analysis and modeling of fermentation process are treated as well as molecular precision in synthetic approaches to beta-lactams, their precursors and derivatives. Process technology studies including new reactor concepts, possible short-cut routes and improved down-stream-processing methods complete a broad view on the scope and limitations of the presently developed industrial processes including an intriguing insight into future process possibilities. This book represents an excellent case study on the transformation of traditional, stoïchiometric, organic synthesis and classical fermentations into modern (bio-) catalysis and biosynthesis based on insights in metabolic pathways and enzyme actions.
Due to their medicinal activity and potential use as synthetic starting materials, studies on beta-lactams have increased significantly. This unique volume takes readers on a tour de force from the concept of antibiosis to the serendipity of antibiotics, evolution of beta‐lactam development, and molecular biology of antibiotic resistance. These areas of research have culminated in a deeper understanding of microbiology, particularly in the area of bacterial cell wall synthesis and recycling. Considerable work has been performed by chemists and biologists to continue updating their findings about beta-lactam synthesis. Features: Stereoselective synthesis of monocyclic, bicyclic, and polycyclic beta-lactams Microwave, ultrasound, and solid support-mediated preparation of beta-lactams Diverse medicinal activities including anticancer activities of beta-lactams and products obtained from them Nanoparticles, artificial intelligence, and dipole moments in beta-lactam science Synthesis and mechanism of formation of polyaromatic beta-lactams
Updated with the latest clinical advances, Rowland and Tozer’s Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Fifth Edition , explains the relationship between drug administration and drug response, taking a conceptual approach that emphasizes clinical application rather than science and mathematics. Bringing a real-life perspective to the topic, the book simplifies concepts and gives readers the knowledge they need to better evaluate drug applications.
The use of antibiotics in the treatment by antibacterial and antifungal chemo therapy, has become standard practice since the end of World War Two and has had an enormous impact on healthcare throughout the world. Compounds belonging to this class have also reached an important place in the medical treatment of human cancer. Although, the discovery of most of these agents came from more or less sophisticated screening programs of soil microrganisms, many of the important antibiotics used today in clinical practice are derived from the original biosynthetic products by the application of often novel and generally elaborated chemical synthetic methodologies. In fact the antibiotics have represented (and still represent) for a generation of organic chemists an endless source of molecular structures whose varied assemblage of carbon atom backbones and chemical functions was beyond any possibility of imagination. Perhaps a similar repertoire of chemotypes was formerly offered by the natural products, namely the alkaloids, the terpenes, the vitamins and hormones as well as the pigments of the animal and plant kingdoms, albeit the chemical arrange ments of the antibiotic molecules appeared much more surprising and diverse to the admiring eyes of cultivated organic chemists. The idea of this book, certainly a landmark in the field, came during the Symposium of EUCHEM on Chemical Synthesis of Antibiotics, that was held at Aussois in Savoy, France (May 2-6, 1988), the initiative being taken by Gabor Lukacs to whom Masaji Ohno readily associated as a co-editor.
Contents: B. Alcaide ∙ P. Almendros: Novel Aspects on the Preparation of Spirocyclic and Fused Unsual β-Lactams.- S.S. Bari ∙ A. Bhalla: Spirocyclic β-Lactams: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Heterocycles.- L. Troisi ∙ C. Granito ∙ E. Pindinelli: Novel and Recent Synthesis and Applications of β-Lactams.- C. Palomo ∙ M. Oiarbide: β-Lactams Ring Opening: A Useful Entry to Amino Acids and Relevant Nitrogen-Containing Compounds.- B. Mandal ∙ P. Ghosh ∙ B. Basu: Recent Approaches Towards Solid Phase Synthesis of β-Lactams.- A.Arrieta ∙ B. Lecea ∙ F.P. Cossio: Computational Studies on the Synthesis of β-Lactams Via [ 2+2] Thermal Cycloadditions.- B. K. Banik ∙ I. Banik ∙ F. F. Becker: Novel Anticancer β-Lactams
Provides the most comprehensive collection of beta-lactam antibiotics (up to 269 molecules) with chemical structures, CAS number, IUPAC names and associated biological activities Offers a comprehensive collection of beta-lactamase databases, where the features of each database have been described Explains the self-defense mechanisms of bacteria for surviving, including the formation of biofilm and conversion into L-form, as well as secretion of beta-lactamase to deactivate the beta-lactam antibiotics Provides a comprehensive survey on the synthetic methods to make beta-lactams Gives all of the possible reactions involving beta-lactams as the starting materials Surveys over 1000 research works and includes all available DOI information
This book presents an essential overview of beta-lactams and their medicinal value and use in the preparation of other biologically active compounds. Written by internationally respected authors, the individual chapters explore beta-lactams’ synthesis, their mechanism of formation, biological effects, and function as base materials for other heterocycles of major importance.
The remarkable expansion of information leading to a deeper understanding of enzymes on the molecular level necessitated the development of this volume which not only introduces new topics to The Enzymes series but presents new information on some covered in Volume I and II of this edition.
Chemistry and Biology of ?-Lactam Antibiotics, Volume 1: Penicillins and Cephalosporins provides information pertinent to the study of antibiotics containing the ?-lactam moiety. This book discusses the occurrence of a group of ?-lactam antibiotics structurally related to cephalosporin C. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the mechanism of action of ?-lactam antibiotics that caused many microbiologists to develop screening tools for the detection of the ?-lactam moiety. This text then discusses the discovery of the nocardicins, the thienamycins, and olivanic acids. Other chapters provide a summary of the essential penicillin sulfoxide chemistry that gave rise to many compounds. This book discusses as well the ability of chemists to predict the level of biological activity of a compound from knowledge of its structure through theoretical and physicochemical studies. The final chapter deals with quantitative structure–activity relationships. This book is a valuable resource for microbiologists, chemists, and scientists.
