Safe Science
Safe Science

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2014-10-08

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 0309300940

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Recent serious and sometimes fatal accidents in chemical research laboratories at United States universities have driven government agencies, professional societies, industries, and universities themselves to examine the culture of safety in research laboratories. These incidents have triggered a broader discussion of how serious incidents can be prevented in the future and how best to train researchers and emergency personnel to respond appropriately when incidents do occur. As the priority placed on safety increases, many institutions have expressed a desire to go beyond simple compliance with regulations to work toward fostering a strong, positive safety culture: affirming a constant commitment to safety throughout their institutions, while integrating safety as an essential element in the daily work of laboratory researchers. Safe Science takes on this challenge. This report examines the culture of safety in research institutions and makes recommendations for university leadership, laboratory researchers, and environmental health and safety professionals to support safety as a core value of their institutions. The report discusses ways to fulfill that commitment through prioritizing funding for safety equipment and training, as well as making safety an ongoing operational priority. A strong, positive safety culture arises not because of a set of rules but because of a constant commitment to safety throughout an organization. Such a culture supports the free exchange of safety information, emphasizes learning and improvement, and assigns greater importance to solving problems than to placing blame. High importance is assigned to safety at all times, not just when it is convenient or does not threaten personal or institutional productivity goals. Safe Science will be a guide to make the changes needed at all levels to protect students, researchers, and staff.

One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences
One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences

Author: Bretislav Friedrich

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-11-26

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 3319516647

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This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.

Principles of Process Research and Chemical Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Principles of Process Research and Chemical Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Author: Oljan Repic

Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13:

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Dr. Oljan Repic clearly explains the goals and basic principles of chemical development. He explores the crucial aspects of a new process that must be considered when scaling up a research synthesis to industrial levels. And, with the help of many case studies and vignettes, he delineates each phase of the development process. Key topics include qualities of an ideal process, techniques for minimizing impurities, criteria for cost-effective synthesis of enantiopure compounds by resolutions, asymmetric synthesis and the "chiral pool" strategy, synthesis for labeling substances with hydrogen or carbon isotopes, and new drug registration requirements. This book is an invaluable reference for professionals as well as an important source of guidance and inspiration for young chemists considering entering the field.

Chemical Education: Towards Research-based Practice
Chemical Education: Towards Research-based Practice

Author: J.K. Gilbert

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2003-01-31

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 1402011121

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Chemical education is essential to everybody because it deals with ideas that play major roles in personal, social, and economic decisions. This book is based on three principles: that all aspects of chemical education should be associated with research; that the development of opportunities for chemical education should be both a continuous process and be linked to research; and that the professional development of all those associated with chemical education should make extensive and diverse use of that research. It is intended for: pre-service and practising chemistry teachers and lecturers; chemistry teacher educators; chemical education researchers; the designers and managers of formal chemical curricula; informal chemical educators; authors of textbooks and curriculum support materials; practising chemists and chemical technologists. It addresses: the relation between chemistry and chemical education; curricula for chemical education; teaching and learning about chemical compounds and chemical change; the development of teachers; the development of chemical education as a field of enquiry. This is mainly done in respect of the full range of formal education contexts (schools, universities, vocational colleges) but also in respect of informal education contexts (books, science centres and museums).

Nuts and Bolts of Chemical Education Research
Nuts and Bolts of Chemical Education Research

Author: Diane M. Bunce

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13:

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The purpose of this book is to address the key elements of planning chemical education research projects and educational outreach/evaluation components of science grants from a pragmatic point of view.