Trace Elements in Coal
Trace Elements in Coal

Author: Dalway J. Swaine

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 293

ISBN-13: 1483100987

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Trace Elements in Coal focuses on the compositions, reactions, and properties of trace elements in coal. The book first discusses the origin of trace elements in coal. The formation of peat; geological and geochemical aspects of coal seams; geology of Australian coals; constitution of coal; history of trace elements in coal; and coal mining in Australia are discussed. The text also clarifies the mode of occurrence of trace elements in coal. The identification of minerals in coal; silicon-rich minerals; carbonate minerals; sulfide minerals; lignites and brown coals; and phosphates are discussed. The book then underscores the methods of analysis. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; atomic absorption spectrometry; spark source mass spectrometry; and neuron activation analysis are described. The text also focuses on the contents of trace elements in coal; comparisons of coal with shale and soil; relationship of radioactivity and coal; and relevance of trace elements in coal. The book is a good source of data for readers wanting to study the trace elements in coal.

U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin
U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin

Author: Arthur Edward Nelson

Publisher:

Published: 1983

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13:

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Deformation Quadrangle, 1n the Stensgar Mountain Stevens County, Washington By James G. Evans Abstract Most deformation of the Middle and Late Proterozoic (Deer Trail and Windermere Groups) and Lower Cambrian (Addy Quartzite and Old Dominion Limestone) rocks in the Stensgar Mountain quadrangle occurred during the Mesozoic (pre-Late Jurassic, possibly Early Jurassic or Triassic), in con- nection with duplex thrusting. The principal deformation occurred in stages that generally involved: (1) thrusting, (2) penetrative dynamothermal metamorphism in the greenschist facies, and (3) renewed thrusting. The initial thrusting may have included formation of the duplex fault zone, moderate tilting of the sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and possibly low-grade metamorphism. The dynamothermal metamorphism resulted in development of a slaty cleavage that dips steeply west, as well as numerous minor and a few large folds that plunge at low to moderate angles, generally north. The folds have axial planes parallel to cleavage. Clasts in conglomerates were flattened parallel to cleavage, and their long axes were aligned north-northeastward, subparallel to fold axes. This extension direction parallels the trend of the Kootenay arc, a relation not typical of orogenic belts. The dynamothermal metamorphism included coaxial compressive pulses separated by periods of stress relaxation. The penetra- tive deformation could have been accompanied by slip on preexisting faults, including a large strike-slip component for the roof (Stensgar Mountain thrust) and floor (Lane Mountain thrust) thrusts of the duplex fault zone. Later movements along these roof and floor thrusts and connecting splays are suggested by nonfolded traces of the faults and the faulted, dynamothermally metamorphosed cataclasite adjacent to the Lane Mountain thrust. The penetrative deformation that affected the Stensgar Mountain quadrangle also affected the rest of northeastern Washington and southeastern British Columbia; it may have been the result of oblique convergence during Mesozoic subduction.