Charging Interest explores the explosive tract written by Martin Luther which summarizes his views on poverty caused by an economic system that stopped caring for the well-being of God's children. Luther exhorts clergy to ex-communicate those causing poverty through their ruthless economic behavior or risk God's judgment alongside the perpetrators.
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
This multivolume work is still proving to be as fundamental to Old Testament studies as its companion set, the Kittel-Friedrich Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, has been to New Testament studies. Beginning with father, and continuing through the alphabet, the TDOT volumes present in-depth discussions of the key Hebrew and Aramaic words in the Old Testament. Leading scholars of various religious traditions (including Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish) and from many parts of the world (Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States) have been carefully selected for each article by editors Botterweck, Ringgren, and Fabry and their consultants, George W. Anderson, Henri Cazelles, David Noel Freedman, Shemaryahu Talmon, and Gerhard Wallis. The intention of the writers is to concentrate on meaning, starting from the more general, everyday senses and building to an understanding of theologically significant concepts. To avoid artificially restricting the focus of the articles, TDOT considers under each keyword the larger groups of words that are related linguistically or semantically. The lexical work includes detailed surveys of a word s occurrences, not only in biblical material but also in other ancient Near Eastern writings. Sumerian, Akkadian, Egyptian, Ethiopic, Ugaritic, and Northwest Semitic sources are surveyed, among others, as well as the Qumran texts and the Septuagint; and in cultures where no cognate word exists, the authors often consider cognate ideas. TDOT s emphasis, though, is on Hebrew terminology and on biblical usage. The contributors employ philology as well as form-critical and traditio-historical methods, with the aim of understanding the religious statements in the Old Testament. Extensive bibliographical information adds to the value of this reference work. This English edition attempts to serve the needs of Old Testament students without the linguistic background of more advanced scholars; it does so, however, without sacrificing the needs of the latter. Ancient scripts (Hebrew, Greek, etc.) are regularly transliterated in a readable way, and meanings of foreign words are given in many cases where the meanings might be obvious to advanced scholars. Where the Hebrew text versification differs from that of English Bibles, the English verse appears in parentheses. Such features will help all earnest students of the Bible to avail themselves of the manifold theological insights contained in this monumental work.
The practice of charging interest on loans has been controversial since it was first mentioned in early recorded history. Lending is a powerful economic tool, vital to the development of society but it can also lead to disaster if left unregulated. Prohibitions against excessive interest, or usury, have been found in almost all societies since antiquity. Whether loans were made in kind or in cash, creditors often were accused of beggar-thy-neighbor exploitation when their lending terms put borrowers at risk of ruin. While the concept of usury reflects transcendent notions of fairness, its definition has varied over time and place: Roman law distinguished between simple and compound interest, the medieval church banned interest altogether, and even Adam Smith favored a ceiling on interest. But in spite of these limits, the advantages and temptations of lending prompted financial innovations from margin investing and adjustable-rate mortgages to credit cards and microlending. In Beggar Thy Neighbor, financial historian Charles R. Geisst tracks the changing perceptions of usury and debt from the time of Cicero to the most recent financial crises. This comprehensive economic history looks at humanity's attempts to curb the abuse of debt while reaping the benefits of credit. Beggar Thy Neighbor examines the major debt revolutions of the past, demonstrating that extensive leverage and debt were behind most financial market crashes from the Renaissance to the present day. Geisst argues that usury prohibitions, as part of the natural law tradition in Western and Islamic societies, continue to play a key role in banking regulation despite modern advances in finance. From the Roman Empire to the recent Dodd-Frank financial reforms, usury ceilings still occupy a central place in notions of free markets and economic justice.
What is Interest In the fields of finance and economics, interest refers to the payment made by a borrower or a financial institution that accepts deposits to a lender or depositor of an amount that is greater than the amount that is repaid for the principal sum, at a specific interest rate. Different from a fee that the borrower might have to pay to the lender or to a third party, this is a separate obligation. It is also distinct from dividends, which are payments made by a company to its shareholders (owners) from its profit or reserve. However, dividends are not paid at a predetermined rate; rather, they are distributed on a pro rata basis as a portion of the reward that is gained by risk-taking entrepreneurs when the revenue earned is greater than the total costs. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Interest Chapter 2: Present value Chapter 3: Black-Scholes model Chapter 4: Interest rate Chapter 5: Time value of money Chapter 6: Loan Chapter 7: Usury Chapter 8: Compound interest Chapter 9: Fixed-rate mortgage Chapter 10: Rational pricing Chapter 11: Annual percentage rate Chapter 12: Leverage (finance) Chapter 13: Riba Chapter 14: Rule of 78s Chapter 15: Real interest rate Chapter 16: Credit card interest Chapter 17: Mortgage calculator Chapter 18: Loans and interest in Judaism Chapter 19: Amortizing loan Chapter 20: Mortgage loan Chapter 21: Equated monthly installment (II) Answering the public top questions about interest. (III) Real world examples for the usage of interest in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Interest.
The difference between success and failure for many companies is the reliability of their cash-flow. Since the first edition of this book, credit managers have seen many changes affecting their profession - new insolvency and company law legislation, changes in the operations of ECGD and other credit insurers, and better access to credit data through the spread of information technology. The book's emphasis is on credit management as a positive force, making a real contribution to profits. Intended for practising credit managers, credit controllers and their staffs, and for students, the book should also be of value to finance directors and accountants.
