Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.
This volume is a collection of papers presented at the 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, Helsinki, 26 - 30 August 1996. The first conference of this series took place in Dublin (1955); second, Basel and Locarno (1956); third, Cambridge (1958); fourth, Frankfurt am Main and Heidelberg (1961); fifth, Clermont-Ferrand and Tolouse (1963); sixth, Albany and University Park (1966); seventh, Prague and Vienna (1969); eighth, Leningrad (1973); ninth, Galway (1977); tenth, Hamburg (1981); eleventh Budapest (1984); twelfth, Vienna (1988); thirteenth, Salt Lake City (1992). The Atmospheric Aerosol conference has been held jointly with the Nucleation Symposium since 1988 in Vienna in order to stimulate contacts between researchers in these closely related fields. The broad nature of the meeting and the scientific program resulted in 32 countries submitting papers for presentation. Covering both experimental and theoretical studies these papers are divided amongst the chapters on Nucleation, Stratospheric Aerosols and Ice Nucleation, Tropospheric Aerosols and Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interaction. In addition to these contributed papers invitations to present a plenary lecture on topics of particular current interest were accepted by P.J. Crutzen, J. Gras, J.L. Katz, A.A. Lushnikov, D. Oxtoby, J.E. Penner, Th. Peter, F. Raes, S.E. Schwartz, R. Strey and G. Vali. These plenary papers together with the contributed papers provide a well-balanced perspective of the current research over the entire field and highlight some important issues.
1. Highlights the achievements of climate change research in the Arctic region 2. Includes case studies from scientists in the Arctic and their significant achievements through the Indian research base Himadri 3. Provides a thorough review of Paleoclimate change studies, the impact of climate change on biotic components and the impact of climate change on abiotic components 4. Provides specific details on the study of ozone depletion phenomenon over Arctic region 5. Covers a wide range of research contributions 6. Details sea-ice variability in the context of global warming over the Arctic region. 7.Connects seisimogenesis with the climate change in the Arctic region.
Air pollution is a global hazard. Majority of the world’s population is affected by air pollution. Contamination of air is no more an only an atmospheric problem but now has become a health concern too. Under the Clean Air Act of 1971, a set of air pollutants are designated as criteria pollutants. These are suspected to be strongly harming the public health and the environment as compared to other primary and secondary pollutants. Globally, this category of air pollutants has been given less attention, only few studies have been reported in this area. This book begins with a short background on criteria air pollutants and their sources, sinks and chemistry. The chapters explore the detailed nature of primary pollutants criteria pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter and lead. Their reaction mechanisms, climate change potency, environmental health effects on plants and human life are discussed. The book also covers secondary pollutants such as ozone. The book discusses ozone chemistry and its environmental health effects. This book act as a valuable tool for students in Environmental Science, Biological Science and Agriculture, as well as environmental consultants and professionals involved in air quality research and the application of air quality guidelines and advice.
This book discusses the impacts of climate change that are already being felt on every continent and provides the scientific basis for a number of modern approaches and state-of-the art methods for monitoring the environment, social behavior and human expectations concerning protection of the environment. The book approaches these issues from the perspectives of various disciplines, from physics to the social sciences, and highlights both current challenges and future prospects. On 1 January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) defined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development – 12 of which involve taking action on climate change – officially came into force. To achieve sustainable development, it is and will remain crucial to harmonize three interconnected core elements: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection.
This report focuses on environmental issues that are of particular concern to the health of Canadians. It begins with a review of the range of factors that can influence health and a general description of the process of health risk assessment and management. Subsequent chapters provide information on key health risks associated with the natural environment (air, water, food, soil) and describes the impact of the human-built environment on health. Topics covered include pollutants, hazardous substances, climate change, water-borne diseases, biological agents, major initiatives to protect health, urban systems, housing and the home environment, work and school environments, transportation, human-made sources of radiation, and environmental emergencies. A final summary provides highlights from the report, describes the future challenge of achieving sustainable development in the context of health and the environment, and notes efforts made by federal government departments in this regard. Includes glossary.
The polar regions have experienced some remarkable environmental changes in recent decades, such as the Antarctic ozone hole, the loss of large amounts of sea ice from the Arctic Ocean and major warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. The polar regions are also predicted to warm more than any other region on Earth over the next century if greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise. Yet trying to separate natural climate variability from anthropogenic factors still presents many problems. This book presents a thorough review of how the polar climates have changed over the last million years and sets recent changes within a long term perspective. The approach taken is highly cross-disciplinary and the close links between the atmosphere, ocean and ice at high latitudes are stressed. The volume will be invaluable for researchers and advanced students in polar science, climatology, global change, meteorology, oceanography and glaciology.