The Intelligence Community Studies Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on August 9-10, 2017 to examine challenges in machine generation of analytic products from multi-source data. Workshop speakers and participants discussed research challenges related to machine-based methods for generating analytic products and for automating the evaluation of these products, with special attention to learning from small data, using multi-source data, adversarial learning, and understanding the human-machine relationship. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
The Intelligence Community Studies Board (ICSB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on December 11â€"12, 2018, in Berkeley, California, to discuss robust machine learning algorithms and systems for the detection and mitigation of adversarial attacks and anomalies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
This book aims to help the reader better understand the importance of data analysis in project management. Moreover, it provides guidance by showing tools, methods, techniques and lessons learned on how to better utilize the data gathered from the projects. First and foremost, insight into the bridge between data analytics and project management aids practitioners looking for ways to maximize the practical value of data procured. The book equips organizations with the know-how necessary to adapt to a changing workplace dynamic through key lessons learned from past ventures. The book’s integrated approach to investigating both fields enhances the value of research findings.
Digital technology opens up extraordinary fields for applications that will deeply change the nature of jobs and trade, the very concept of work and the expectations of user–producers. The “masters of algorithms” have disrupted production and services, and this trend will continue for as long as electric energy and the elements of Industry 4.0 are in continued development. Beyond data control, a power struggle is working its way through the links in the value chain: intermediation, control of resources and command over human and physical networks, as well as partnerships, creativity and the political system. Industry 4.0: Paradoxes and Conflicts examines the need for a serious and technological review, as well as for research and training regarding citizenship and politics. This is a new situation in terms of relationships of competence and authority, which must be the subject of scientific as well as political reflections for the whole social body, which needs to be educated about choices. Throughout the book, the author poses the following question: instead of submitting to choices, would it not be better to exercise foresight?
The primary function of the intelligence analyst is to make sense of information about the world, but the way analysts do that work will look profoundly different a decade from now. Technological changes will bring both new advances in conducting analysis and new risks related to technologically based activities and communications around the world. Because these changes are virtually inevitable, the Intelligence Community will need to make sustained collaboration with researchers in the social and behavioral sciences (SBS) a key priority if it is to adapt to these changes in the most productive ways. A Decadal Survey Of The Social and Behavioral Sciences provides guidance for a 10-year research agenda. This report identifies key opportunities in SBS research for strengthening intelligence analysis and offers ideas for integrating the knowledge and perspectives of researchers from these fields into the planning and design of efforts to support intelligence analysis.
Developing Intelligence Theory analyses the current state of intelligence theorisation, provides a guide to a range of approaches and perspectives, and points towards future research agendas in this field. Key questions discussed include the role of intelligence theory in organising the study of intelligence, how (and how far) explanations of intelligence have progressed in the last decade, and how intelligence theory should develop from here. Significant changes have occurred in the security intelligence environment in recent years—including transformative information technologies, the advent of ‘new’ terrorism, and the emergence of hybrid warfare—making this an opportune moment to take stock and consider how we explain what intelligence does and how. The material made available via the 2013 Edward Snowden leaks and subsequent national debates has contributed much to our understanding of contemporary intelligence processes and has significant implications for future theorisation, for example, in relation to the concept of ‘surveillance’. The contributors are leading figures in Intelligence Studies who represent a range of different approaches to conceptual thinking about intelligence. As such, their contributions provide a clear statement of the current parameters of debates in intelligence theory, while also pointing to ways in which the study of intelligence continues to develop. This book was originally published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security.
Clouds are being positioned as the next-generation consolidated, centralized, yet federated IT infrastructure for hosting all kinds of IT platforms and for deploying, maintaining, and managing a wider variety of personal, as well as professional applications and services. Handbook of Research on Cloud Infrastructures for Big Data Analytics focuses exclusively on the topic of cloud-sponsored big data analytics for creating flexible and futuristic organizations. This book helps researchers and practitioners, as well as business entrepreneurs, to make informed decisions and consider appropriate action to simplify and streamline the arduous journey towards smarter enterprises.
The consistent development of information technology (IT) paves the way for companies to make the shift to digital work as their principal mode of operation. This is made feasible by the rapid progress of IT. As a consequence of this, employers are putting pressure on employees to adapt to new forms of employment, which may include less interaction with other people but more interaction with information technology. However, as a consequence of these new ways of doing things, workers won't be able to carry out their responsibilities with the same principles and beliefs that they have been used to bringing to the table in the past. The continual upheaval that takes place in the workplace has the potential to influence the self-beliefs that constitute a person's professional identity at work, also known as the perception of one's function in the workplace. This is because self beliefs are sensitive to being influenced by the perception of one's function in the workplace. The act of having one's identity questioned by an experience that is in direct opposition to who they are may result in a decline in one's sense of self-worth as well as a potential threat to the integrity of one's identity. As a consequence of this, it is possible that activities that are targeted at maintaining self-esteem connected with identity will be necessary in light of the fact that the landscape and experiences of a number of professions have been transformed as a result of the development of technology. The digitization of workplaces is directly responsible for the growing popularity of digital labour as the normal operating procedure in organisations. One of the primary factors that is driving this discussion is the continuing development of artificial intelligence (AI), which can be defined as "the ability of a machine to perform cognitive functions that we associate with human minds, such as perceiving, reasoning, learning, interacting with the environment, problem-solving, decision-making, and even demonstrating creativity." Artificial intelligence is put to use in many different capacities within the field of digital labour, including (managerial) decision making, data analysis and prediction work, or (human-AI) interaction. 1 | P a ge Because of this, artificial intelligence will continually bring about changes to working environments and professions, perhaps putting the lives of people whose jobs are replaced by computers in jeopardy. On the other hand, this might lead to a reduction in value if the people who utilise AI systems have major variances in their perspectives. In addition, the use of AI has the potential to contribute to the growth of ambiguity and the invasion of individuals' right to personal privacy. The phrase "dark side of AI" is often used to refer to this undesirable phenomenon, which outlines the ways in which AI offers risks for individuals, businesses, and society as a whole. However, the adoption of AI in enterprises may not only eliminate or modify current jobs but also create new sectors of labour, such as in the disciplines of engineering, programming, or even social domains. This is because AI may be able to perform some or all of the tasks associated with these vocations. This is due to the fact that AI is capable of learning new things and adjusting to its surroundings. There is an ongoing sense of optimism over artificial intelligence and the economic effects that it will have (Selz, 2020). The public discourse about artificial intelligence has been more optimistic over the last several years; despite this, the concern that AI would displace current jobs continues to outweigh the potential for human and AI collaboration in the future. The interaction between humans and artificial intelligence demonstrates that people's views of AI are based on a wide variety of features to varying degrees. For example, salient signals, affordances, or collaborative interaction may have an effect on a person's emotions and, as a consequence, their intents about artificial intelligence (Shin, 2021). The manner in which an employee applies technology in the course of their work contributes to the formation of that employee's sense of self identity. In order to investigate this matter in a way that is adequate, we are going to adopt the perspective of Carter and who define the word "IT identity" as "the extent to which a person views use of an IT as integral to his or her sense of self." This will allow us to investigate this matter in a manner that is adequate. It is possible that the implementation of AI in the workplace will run opposite to the employees' identification with their activities, which may cause them to engage in resistive behaviours such as an aversion to algorithms on their part. The phenomenon known as "algorithm aversion" is characterised by the fact that employees, when faced with the same conditions as before, prefer to get assistance from a human being rather than from a computer programme. A possible definition of IT identity danger is "the anticipation of harm to an individual's self-beliefs, caused 2 | P a ge by the use of an IT, and the entity it applies to is the individual user of an IT." The individual user of an IT is the entity to whom this definition applies.A term that might be used to describe this obstruction is "IT identity threat." As a consequence of this, having an awareness of the development of upcoming predictors that impact AI resistance based on IT identity risks is very necessary. This is owing to the fact that it is anticipated that the introduction of AI would modify employment inside enterprises, which in turn may have an influence on the identities of the individuals working in such firms.
This textbook serves as a guide to real estate students and educators on the various property innovations and digital technologies that continue to shape the property industry. The advancement of PropTech in the last few decades has led to significant changes in real estate systems, operations, and practice, and this new textbook provides insight on the past, present, and future of PropTech innovations that have spread across the value chain of real estate through planning, development, management, finance, investment, operations, and transactions. The textbook approaches this subject from the real estate components, asset classes, and submarkets and links them to the associated innovations and digital technologies. It concludes by reviewing the role of education, innovation, skill development, and professionalism as major elements of the future of real estate operations and practice. This book’s unique contributions are in putting the “property” element at the forefront and then illustrating how technology can enhance the various areas of real estate; the focus on how the different innovations and technologies can enhance the economic, environmental, social, and physical efficiency of real estate; and its coverage of some non‐technological innovations like flexible working and more practical areas of real estate innovation such as skills, employability, creativity, and education. It contains 21 case studies and 29 case summaries, which can serve as practice exercises for students. This book will be useful to students in helping them build a knowledge base and understanding of innovation and digital technologies in the industry. Real estate educators can use the textbook as a guide to incorporate real estate innovation and digital technologies into their current teaching and also to develop their real estate curricula through PropTech‐related modules and courses where necessary. It will also be valuable to real estate researchers in search of the theoretical and conceptual linkages, as well as industry practitioners who seek insight into the current and future potential of digital technologies and their applications to real estate operations and practice.
The Intelligence Community Studies Board (ICSB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on December 11â€"12, 2018, in Berkeley, California, to discuss robust machine learning algorithms and systems for the detection and mitigation of adversarial attacks and anomalies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
