Cellular Biological Approaches to Treating Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Cellular Biological Approaches to Treating Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Author: P. J. Kingham

Publisher:

Published: 2015-05-22

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783318054323

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Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is poor, and it has become clear that surgical reconstruction should be combined with novel therapies which address the problems of the limited rate and quantity of axonal regeneration, neuronal cell death and target organ atrophy. There is significant scope for the application of cellular and biological approaches towards peripheral nerve repair. This special topics issue begins with an introduction to the importance of Schwann cell-axon interactions which is followed by a series of papers highlighting the exciting therapeutic potential of various cell types including skin, adipose, bone marrow and hair follicle-derived adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and olfactory ensheathing cells. Another biological approach, the use of chondroitinase to overcome nerve scarring, is also described. Finally, noninvasive imaging methods, which will be necessary to determine the efficacy of these novel treatments, are reviewed. The publication will be of interest to a large number of interdisciplinary scientists including cell biologists, biomaterials scientists and chemists as well as surgeons who are involved in translational research aimed at improving the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.

Peripheral Nerve Injury An Anatomical and Physiological Approach for Physical Therapy Intervention
Peripheral Nerve Injury An Anatomical and Physiological Approach for Physical Therapy Intervention

Author: Stephen Carp

Publisher: F.A. Davis

Published: 2015-04-21

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 0803645155

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Here’s everything you need to know about peripheral nerve injuries and how to recognize and treat acute and chronic injuries and conditions across the lifespan. In-depth discussions, organized in a streamlined format, ensure you understand the identification, pathophysiology, assessment, and procedural interventions associated with peripheral nerve injuries. Build the knowledge base you need to evaluate the most common to complex injuries, make a diagnosis, and implement a plan of care with this one-of-a-kind resource.

Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, the Importance of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for the Development of Cell-Based Therapies and Biomaterials: State of the Art
Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, the Importance of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for the Development of Cell-Based Therapies and Biomaterials: State of the Art

Author: Sílvia Santos Pedrosa

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Human adult peripheral nerve injuries are a high incidence clinical problem that greatly affects patients' quality of life. Although peripheral nervous system has intrinsic regenerative capacity, this occurs in an incomplete or poorly functional manner. When a nerve fiber loses its continuity with consequent damage of the basal lamina tubes, axon spontaneous regeneration is disorganized and mismatched. These phenomena translate in an inadequate nerve functional recovery and consequent musculoskeletal incapacity. Nerve grafts still remain the gold standard in peripheral injuries treatment. However, this approach contains its disadvantages such as the necessity of primary surgery to harvest the autografts, loss of a functional nerve, donor site morbidity and longer surgery procedures. Therefore, biomaterials and tissue engineering can provide efficient resources and alternatives to nerve injury repair not only by the development of biocompatible structures but also, introducing neurotrophic factors and cellular systems to stimulate optimum clinical outcome. In this chapter, a comprehensive state-of-the art picture of tissue-engineered nerve grafts scaffolds, their application in nerve regeneration along with latest advances in peripheral nerve repair and future perspectives will be discussed, including our own large experience in this field of knowledge.

Complications in Neuroanesthesia
Complications in Neuroanesthesia

Author: Hemanshu Prabhakar

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2016-02-11

Total Pages: 502

ISBN-13: 0128041137

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Complications in Neuroanesthesia focuses on complications that may arise related to neuroanesthesia practice and discusses its various causes. Each complication is written as a separate chapter, and the pathophysiology and mechanisms of each complication, as well as measures for diagnosis, treatment and prevention are discussed. Towards the end of the book, several case scenarios are provided to the readers that challenge readers to diagnose the possible complication for each case. Chapters include brain and spinal cord problems, cardiovascular and hematological problems, and nerve and muscle problems. Written in a standard format, Complications in Neuroanesthesia provides quick and easy access to understanding problems in neuroanesthesia. It provides insight into all possible complications occurring during perioperative management of neurosurgical and neurologic patients. It is useful for trainees, clinicians, and researchers in the fields of neurosurgery, neurocritical care, and neurology by providing an understanding of preventable mishaps that may occur in neurosurgical or neurologic patients. Quick and easy reference for understanding problems in neuroanesthesia Provides comprehensive insights into all possible complications occurring during perioperative management of neurosurgical and neurologic patients Includes useful section with clinical case studies of complications in neuroanesthesia

Cell Engineering and Regeneration
Cell Engineering and Regeneration

Author: Heinz Redl

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-02-16

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783319088303

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This reference work presents the origins of cells for tissue engineering and regeneration, including primary cells, tissue-specific stem cells, pluripotent stem cells and trans-differentiated or reprogrammed cells. There is particular emphasis on current understanding of tissue regeneration based on embryology and evolution studies, including mechanisms of amphibian regeneration. The book covers the use of autologous versus allogeneic cell sources, as well as various procedures used for cell isolation and cell pre-conditioning , such as cell sorting, biochemical and biophysical pre-conditioning, transfection and aggregation. It also presents cell modulation using growth factors, molecular factors, epigenetic approaches, changes in biophysical environment, cellular co-culture and other elements of the cellular microenvironment. The pathways of cell delivery are discussed with respect to specific clinical situations, including delivery of ex vivo manipulated cells via local and systemic routes, as well as activation and migration of endogenous reservoirs of reparative cells. The volume concludes with an in-depth discussion of the tracking of cells in vivo and their various regenerative activities inside the body, including differentiation, new tissue formation and actions on other cells by direct cell-to-cell communication and by secretion of biomolecules.

Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace
Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2001-05-24

Total Pages: 510

ISBN-13: 0309132991

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Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.

Naural Responses to Injury: Prevention, Protection, and Repair. Volume 2: Repair and Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve Damage
Naural Responses to Injury: Prevention, Protection, and Repair. Volume 2: Repair and Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve Damage

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The overall focus of this project has been to understand the cellular and molecular biology of neuroma formation as a complication of damage to peripheral nerves. Several objectives have been clarified: 1) to establish in vitro models of cell lines of fibroblasts from normal peripheral nerves and neuromas that can be used to uncover the molecular mechanisms of the peripheral nerve fibroblast response to damage; 2) to understand the interactions of fibroblasts of peripheral nerve origin with cell signaling molecules in the neural environment after an injury and during the repair process; and 3) to understand the origin of pain that accompanies neuroma formation. It is not known how the cellular physiology of the entrapped nerve endings is affected by the dense collagenous mass of tissue that makes up the neuroma. However, it is clear that abnormalities develop in gated ion channels in the entrapped nerve endings and that the neuroma is formed by an exaggerated fibroblast response to nerve damage. Studies using fibroblasts cultured from peripheral human nerves have shown that these cells express basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor. Immunohistochemical studies and quantitative Western blots have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor are found in all tissue samples taken directly from human neuromas. The goal of these ongoing studies is to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the activities of these cells in injury and repair and ultimately to determine potential approaches to modification of these mechanisms that may prevent the development of neuromas and their associated morbidities in traumatized tissues.

Neuropathic Pain
Neuropathic Pain

Author: Jianguo Cheng

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2019-01-21

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 0190298359

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Neuropathic pain is one of the most common, most debilitating, most costly, and most difficult to treat categories of chronic pain conditions that are characterized by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Managing neuropathic pain is challenging and requires skillful assessment and comprehensive and integrated treatment strategies that are mechanism-guided, evidence-based, and individualized. However, these critical and integral elements are very fragmented in the current literature. The mechanistic understanding of neuropathic pain is typically found in basic research articles. Clinical research evidence is presented in forms of clinical trials with emphasis on minimizing biases such as those from patient selection and assessment. Individualized considerations for each patient are usually presented in case reports and problem-based learning discussions. This book overcomes these barriers and integrates all the critical elements around individual patient care into a coherent management strategy that is practical and applicable to daily clinical practice. Rather than compiling what have been published in the literature, this work emphasizes on identifying and highlighting the key points or findings that guide decision-making in clinical practice. It integrates the key points around a typical case scenario that not only represents the core of the diagnostic and therapeutic processes but also allows introduction and differentiation of painful conditions that bare similarities with the case in hand. The overarching goal is to improve clinical outcomes through better understanding of the mechanisms, more accurate diagnosis, and wiser and more comprehensive treatment strategies.