Wiggins discusses the insurmountable obstacles Cuffe faced: the War of 1812, a trade embargo, and increased power of slave traders among others; the widespread network of African-American organizations that provided help; the deep concern for education within the black community; and the strength of the church in that community.
In “To Renew the Covenant”: Religious Themes in Eighteenth-Century Quaker Abolitionism, Jon R. Kershner argues that Quakers adhered to a providential view of history, which motivated their desire to take a corporate position against slavery. Antislavery Quakers believed God’s dealings with them, for good or ill, were contingent on their faithfulness. Their history of deliverance from persecution, the liberty of conscience they experienced in the British colonies, and the ethics of the Golden Rule formed a covenantal relationship with God that challenged notions of human bondage. Kershner traces the history of abolitionist theologies from George Fox and William Edmundson in the late seventeenth century to Paul Cuffe and Benjamin Banneker in the early nineteenth century. It covers the Germantown Protest, Benjamin Lay, John Woolman, Anthony Benezet, William Dillwyn, Warner Mifflin, and others who offered religious arguments against slavery. It also surveys recent developments in Quaker antislavery studies.
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"In this study, Kathryn Grover addresses these questions. She documents fugitive traffic in and around New Bedford and analyzes it within several spheres - the origins, persistence, and growth of the city's African American community; the place of Quaker ideology in shaping the extent and character of local opposition to slavery; and the role of the city's coastal trading and whaling industries in the presence of fugitives in the port. Through an intensive examination of demographic data, fugitive narratives, Underground Railroad accounts, and correspondence, Grover concludes that the issues of helping fugitives in fact divided white abolitionists at the same time that it strengthened the resolve of abolitionists of color."--BOOK JACKET.
The digital copies of these recordings are available for free at First Fruits website. place.asburyseminary.edu/firstfruits Preface Knowing that it is a serious disadvantage to any people or country whose history is not written for the benefit of posterity, it has, for many years past, occurred to me that I ought to attempt something in this direction in connexion with Wesleyan Methodism, which has not only existed in this Colony of Sierra Leone for more than a century, but has conferred numerous untold benefits, intellectual, moral, and spiritual, on the people in general. Owing to the attendant strain of a Methodist Circuit life, and the great responsibility that rested on me as a Superintendent Minister since the early part of 1867, I could not possibly afford time to undertake the gigantic work of preparing a history of the rise and progress of Methodism and its Missions in Sierra Leone. A gracious Providence having, however, mercifully spared me to retire from the multifarious duties of circuit work at the close of the first quarter of the year 1910, after fifty-one years' active service, I feel that, as the oldest Wesleyan minister in the district, God has no doubt preserved me for the accomplishment of the important task; I must therefore at once proceed to put together certain facts from credible and available records, along with my reminiscences of sundry matters that are about half a century old, for the information alike of both young and old. With the belief that the obituaries of both the European Missionaries and African Ministers that died in the work here or elsewhere will be foundinteresting and appreciated, particularly in Methodistcircles in which they were not previously known; their insertion will be given in the pages within therespective decades in which the deaths occurred. For the map of Sierra Leone showing approximate Tribal Divisions the writer of this history is indebted to Mr. C. H. Lukach's book, A Bibliography of Sierra Leone.