Camps, Campaigns, Colonies
Camps, Campaigns, Colonies

Author: Edward Dabrowa

Publisher: Harrassowitz

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 9783447113816

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Owing to the threat posed by the Parthian state, and later the Sasanid state, defence of the eastern border of the Roman Empire demanded the presence of considerable military forces. In this respect, Anatolia, Mesopotamia and the Near East were particularly significant in Rome's defensive policy. Numerous military camps were situated in this region, from which the Romans undertook military expeditions against their eastern neighbour. The outcomes of the long-term presence of a large number of Roman army units there included settlement of veterans in both the colonies and the cities of the region. The volume contains a selection of studies by Edward Dabrowa published over several decades concerning certain aspects of the presence of the Roman army in the East. These concern issues related to Roman military camps and campaigns as well as military colonisation in the post-Hadrian period in Mesopotamia, Syria and Judaea. The existence of this colonisation has long been questioned by many scholars. The studies in this book present arguments showing that such colonisation did take place, albeit on a limited scale. It was used on a larger scale mostly by emperors from the Severan dynasty, but also later ones, at least until the mid-third century CE, as a means of urbanisation of these areas.

Colonial Paradigms of Violence
Colonial Paradigms of Violence

Author: Michelle Gordon

Publisher: Wallstein Verlag

Published: 2022-05-25

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 3835348779

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European Holocaust Studies (EHS) publishes key international research results on the murder of the European Jews and its wider contexts. In recent years, scholars have rediscovered Hannah Arendt`s "boomerang thesis" – the "coming home" of European colonialism as genocide on European soil – as well as Raphael Lemkin`s work around his definition of genocide and the importance of its colonial dimensions. Germany and other European states are increasingly engaging in debates on comparing the Holocaust to other genocides and cases of mass killing, memorialization, "decolonization" and attempts to come to terms with the past ("Vergangenheitsbewältigung").

To Risk It All
To Risk It All

Author: Michael McConnell

Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press

Published: 2020-10-20

Total Pages: 373

ISBN-13: 0822987732

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General John Forbes’s campaign against Fort Duquesne was the largest over-land expedition during the Seven Years’ War in America. While most histories of the time period include the Forbes Campaign as an aside, McConnell documents how and why Forbes and his army succeeded, and what his success meant to the subsequent history of the mid-Atlantic colonies, native inhabitants of the Ohio Country, and the empire he represented. A close look at the Forbes Campaign and its personnel reveals much about both British relations with native peoples and the nature of Britain’s American empire during a time of stress. Unlike other campaigns, this one was composed largely of colonial—not professional British—troops. In addition, individual colonies negotiated their role in the campaign and frequently placed their own local interests ahead of those of the empire as a whole. The campaign thus suggests the limits of imperial power and how Britain’s hold over its American frontiers was, at best, tenuous and helped lead to an eventual break-down of empire in the 1760s and 1770s.

Antioch
Antioch

Author: Andrea U. De Giorgi

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-05-30

Total Pages: 586

ISBN-13: 1317540417

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Winner of ASOR's 2022 G. Ernest Wright Award for the most substantial volume dealing with archaeological material, excavation reports and material culture from the ancient Near East and Eastern Mediterranean. This is a complete history of Antioch, one of the most significant major cities of the eastern Mediterranean and a crossroads for the Silk Road, from its foundation by the Seleucids, through Roman rule, the rise of Christianity, Islamic and Byzantine conquests, to the Crusades and beyond. Antioch has typically been treated as a city whose classical glory faded permanently amid a series of natural disasters and foreign invasions in the sixth and seventh centuries CE. Such studies have obstructed the view of Antioch’s fascinating urban transformations from classical to medieval to modern city and the processes behind these transformations. Through its comprehensive blend of textual sources and new archaeological data reanalyzed from Princeton’s 1930s excavations and recent discoveries, this book offers unprecedented insights into the complete history of Antioch, recreating the lives of the people who lived in it and focusing on the factors that affected them during the evolution of its remarkable cityscape. While Antioch’s built environment is central, the book also utilizes landscape archaeological work to consider the city in relation to its hinterland, and numismatic evidence to explore its economics. The outmoded portrait of Antioch as a sadly perished classical city par excellence gives way to one in which it shines as brightly in its medieval Islamic, Byzantine, and Crusader incarnations. Antioch: A History offers a new portal to researching this long-lasting city and is also suitable for a wide variety of teaching needs, both undergraduate and graduate, in the fields of classics, history, urban studies, archaeology, Silk Road studies, and Near Eastern/Middle Eastern studies. Just as importantly, its clarity makes it attractive for, and accessible to, a general readership outside the framework of formal instruction.

Deterritorialized Youth
Deterritorialized Youth

Author: Dawn Chatty

Publisher: Berghahn Books

Published: 2010-04-01

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 1845458184

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The Sahrawi and Afghan refugee youth in the Middle East have been stereotyped regionally and internationally: some have been objectified as passive victims; others have become the beneficiaries of numerous humanitarian aid packages which presume the primacy of the Western model of child development. This book compares and contrasts both the stereotypes and Western-based models of humanitarian assistance among Sahrawi youth with the lack of programming and near total self-sufficiency of Afghan refugee youth in Iran. Both extremes offer an important opportunity to further explore the impact which forced migration and prolonged conflict have had, and continue to have, on the lives of these refugee youth and their families. This study examines refugee communities closely linked with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and a host of other UN agencies in the case of the Sahrawi and near total lack of humanitarian aid in the case of Afghan refugees in Iran.

The Gulag after Stalin
The Gulag after Stalin

Author: Jeffrey S. Hardy

Publisher: Cornell University Press

Published: 2016-11-03

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1501706594

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In The Gulag after Stalin, Jeffrey S. Hardy reveals how the vast Soviet penal system was reimagined and reformed in the wake of Stalin's death. Hardy argues that penal reform in the 1950s was a serious endeavor intended to transform the Gulag into a humane institution that reeducated criminals into honest Soviet citizens. Under the leadership of Minister of Internal Affairs Nikolai Dudorov, a Khrushchev appointee, this drive to change the Gulag into a "progressive" system where criminals were reformed through a combination of education, vocational training, leniency, sport, labor, cultural programs, and self-governance was both sincere and at least partially effective. The new vision for the Gulag faced many obstacles. Reeducation proved difficult to quantify, a serious liability in a statistics-obsessed state. The entrenched habits of Gulag officials and the prisoner-guard power dynamic mitigated the effect of the post-Stalin reforms. And the Soviet public never fully accepted the new policies of leniency and the humane treatment of criminals. In the late 1950s, they joined with a coalition of party officials, criminologists, procurators, newspaper reporters, and some penal administrators to rally around the slogan "The camp is not a resort" and succeeded in reimposing harsher conditions for inmates. By the mid-1960s the Soviet Gulag had emerged as a hybrid system forged from the old Stalinist system, the vision promoted by Khrushchev and others in the mid-1950s, and the ensuing counterreform movement. This new penal equilibrium largely persisted until the fall of the Soviet Union.