Flowing Matter
Flowing Matter

Author: Federico Toschi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-09-25

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 3030233707

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This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 “Flowing Matter”.

Out-of-equilibrium Soft Matter
Out-of-equilibrium Soft Matter

Author: Christina Kurzthaler

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2023-03-24

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 1839169478

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The term active fluids refers to motions that are created by transforming energy from the surroundings into directed motion. There are many examples, both natural and synthetic, including individual swimming bacteria or motile cells, drops and bubbles that move owing to surface stresses (so-called Marangoni motions), and chemical- or optical-driven colloids. Investigations into active fluids provide new insights into non-equilibrium systems, have the potential for novel applications, and open new directions in physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. This book provides an expert introduction to active fluids systems, covering simple to complex environments. It explains the interplay of chemical processes and hydrodynamics, including the roles of mechanical and rheological properties across active fluids, with reference to experiments, theory, and simulations. These concepts are discussed for a variety of scenarios, such as the trajectories of microswimmers, cell crawling and fluid stirring, and apply to collective behaviours of dense suspensions and active gels. Emerging avenues of research are highlighted, ranging from the role of active processes for biological functions to programmable active materials, showcasing the exciting potential of this rapidly-evolving research field.

Understanding Soft Condensed Matter Via Modeling And Computation
Understanding Soft Condensed Matter Via Modeling And Computation

Author: An-chang Shi

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2010-12-14

Total Pages: 385

ISBN-13: 9814465593

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All living organisms consist of soft matter. For this reason alone, it is important to be able to understand and predict the structural and dynamical properties of soft materials such as polymers, surfactants, colloids, granular matter and liquids crystals. To achieve a better understanding of soft matter, three different approaches have to be integrated: experiment, theory and simulation. This book focuses on the third approach — but always in the context of the other two.

Self-propelled Colloidal Particles
Self-propelled Colloidal Particles

Author: Borge ten Hagen

Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783832540944

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The problem of locomotion at the microscale has to be faced by living microorganisms as well as in many artificial systems. Various intriguing strategies have been developed in order to achieve a directed swimming motion in spite of the lack of inertia. While biological microswimmers often rely on mechanical self-propulsion mechanisms, such as beating flagella or shape deformations, many realizations of artificial self-propelled colloidal particles are based on phoretic driving mechanisms. The main focus of this book is on the influence of the body shape on the dynamics. Different systems ranging from spherical particles, via deformable and rodlike microswimmers, to completely asymmetric objects are investigated. In particular, a theoretical framework for the dynamics of asymmetric self-propelled particles based on coupled Langevin equations for the translational and rotational motion is provided. In the last part of this book, the introduced theory is used in order to contribute to the understanding of the gravitactic behavior which is observed in many microorganisms. Although several explanatory approaches exist, the detailed origin of gravitaxis is still an unsolved question in microbiology. Here, by studying synthetic microswimmers, a possible explanation based on an asymmetric body shape is given. Regarding artificial self-propelled particles, an especially promising field is the development of novel micromachines. Such devices have great potential for medical purposes as well as for many other technological applications. By appropriately designing the particle shape based on the findings of this book the motional behavior can be systematically tuned.

Colloidal Suspension Rheology
Colloidal Suspension Rheology

Author: Jan Mewis

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 0521515998

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Presented in an accessible and introductory manner, this is the first book devoted to the comprehensive study of colloidal suspensions.

Complex Plasmas
Complex Plasmas

Author: Michael Bonitz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2014-04-09

Total Pages: 495

ISBN-13: 3319054376

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This book provides the reader with an introduction to the physics of complex plasmas, a discussion of the specific scientific and technical challenges they present and an overview of their potential technological applications. Complex plasmas differ from conventional high-temperature plasmas in several ways: they may contain additional species, including nano meter- to micrometer-sized particles, negative ions, molecules and radicals and they may exhibit strong correlations or quantum effects. This book introduces the classical and quantum mechanical approaches used to describe and simulate complex plasmas. It also covers some key experimental techniques used in the analysis of these plasmas, including calorimetric probe methods, IR absorption techniques and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The final part of the book reviews the emerging applications of microcavity and microchannel plasmas, the synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials through plasma electrochemistry, the large-scale generation of ozone using microplasmas and novel applications of atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasmas in dentistry. Going beyond the scope of traditional plasma texts, the presentation is very well suited for senior undergraduate, graduate students and postdoctoral researchers specializing in plasma physics.

Complex Fluids in Biological Systems
Complex Fluids in Biological Systems

Author: Saverio E. Spagnolie

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-11-27

Total Pages: 449

ISBN-13: 1493920650

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This book serves as an introduction to the continuum mechanics and mathematical modeling of complex fluids in living systems. The form and function of living systems are intimately tied to the nature of surrounding fluid environments, which commonly exhibit nonlinear and history dependent responses to forces and displacements. With ever-increasing capabilities in the visualization and manipulation of biological systems, research on the fundamental phenomena, models, measurements, and analysis of complex fluids has taken a number of exciting directions. In this book, many of the world’s foremost experts explore key topics such as: Macro- and micro-rheological techniques for measuring the material properties of complex biofluids and the subtleties of data interpretation Experimental observations and rheology of complex biological materials, including mucus, cell membranes, the cytoskeleton, and blood The motility of microorganisms in complex fluids and the dynamics of active suspensions Challenges and solutions in the numerical simulation of biologically relevant complex fluid flows This volume will be accessible to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in engineering, mathematics, biology, and the physical sciences, but will appeal to anyone interested in the intricate and beautiful nature of complex fluids in the context of living systems.

Theory of Simple Liquids
Theory of Simple Liquids

Author: Jean-Pierre Hansen

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1990-09-24

Total Pages: 569

ISBN-13: 0080571018

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This book gives a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the theory of "simple" liquids. The new second edition has been rearranged and considerably expanded to give a balanced account both of basic theory and of the advances of the past decade. It presents the main ideas of modern liquid state theory in a way that is both pedagogical and self-contained. The book should be accessible to graduate students and research workers, both experimentalists and theorists, who have a good background in elementary mechanics. - Compares theoretical deductions with experimental results - Molecular dynamics - Monte Carlo computations - Covers ionic, metallic, and molecular liquids