Scale Invariance
Scale Invariance

Author: Annick LESNE

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-11-04

Total Pages: 406

ISBN-13: 364215123X

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During a century, from the Van der Waals mean field description (1874) of gases to the introduction of renormalization group (RG techniques 1970), thermodynamics and statistical physics were just unable to account for the incredible universality which was observed in numerous critical phenomena. The great success of RG techniques is not only to solve perfectly this challenge of critical behaviour in thermal transitions but to introduce extremely useful tools in a wide field of daily situations where a system exhibits scale invariance. The introduction of scaling, scale invariance and universality concepts has been a significant turn in modern physics and more generally in natural sciences. Since then, a new "physics of scaling laws and critical exponents", rooted in scaling approaches, allows quantitative descriptions of numerous phenomena, ranging from phase transitions to earthquakes, polymer conformations, heartbeat rhythm, diffusion, interface growth and roughening, DNA sequence, dynamical systems, chaos and turbulence. The chapters are jointly written by an experimentalist and a theorist. This book aims at a pedagogical overview, offering to the students and researchers a thorough conceptual background and a simple account of a wide range of applications. It presents a complete tour of both the formal advances and experimental results associated with the notion of scaling, in physics, chemistry and biology.

Scale Invariance and Beyond
Scale Invariance and Beyond

Author: B. Dubrulle

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-09

Total Pages: 291

ISBN-13: 3662097990

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This book is an excellent introduction to the concept of scale invariance, which is a growing field of research with wide applications. It describes where and how symmetry under scale transformation (and its various forms of partial breakdown) can be used to analyze solutions of a problem without the need to explicitly solve it. The first part gives descriptions of tools and concepts; the second is devoted to recent attempts to go beyond the invariance or symmetry breaking, to discuss causes and consequences, and to extract useful information about the system. Examples are carefully worked out in fields as diverse as condensed matter physics, population dynamics, earthquake physics, turbulence, cosmology and finance.

Foundations Of Quantum Field Theory
Foundations Of Quantum Field Theory

Author: Klaus D Rothe

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2020-09-03

Total Pages: 350

ISBN-13: 9811221944

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Based on a two-semester course held at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, this book provides a solid basis for postgraduate students wishing to obtain a more profound understanding of the foundations of Quantum Field Theory. The book covers a wide spectrum of topics ranging from traditional operator and modern path integral methods, to different regularization and renormalization methods, asymptotic behavior of Green functions, a particular view on the Renormalization Group, and spontaneous symmetry breaking in effective potentials. Much effort has been made to present the material in a transparent, detailed and structured way, which should help the reader to follow the material.

Aspects of Symmetry
Aspects of Symmetry

Author: Sidney Coleman

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1988-02-18

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13: 1139810960

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For almost two decades, Sidney Coleman has been giving review lectures on frontier topics in theoretical high-energy physics at the International School of Subnuclear Physics held each year at Erice, Sicily. This volume is a collection of some of the best of these lectures. To this day they have few rivals for clarity of exposition and depth of insight. Although very popular when first published, many of the lectures have been difficult to obtain recently. Graduate students and professionals in high-energy physics will welcome this collection by a master of the field.

Nuclear Reaction Dynamics Of Nucleon-hadron Many Body System : From Nucleon Spins And Mesons In Nuclei To Quark Lepton Nuclear Physics - Proceedings Of The 14th Rcnp Osaka International Symposium
Nuclear Reaction Dynamics Of Nucleon-hadron Many Body System : From Nucleon Spins And Mesons In Nuclei To Quark Lepton Nuclear Physics - Proceedings Of The 14th Rcnp Osaka International Symposium

Author: Hiroyasu Ejiri

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 1996-07-29

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 981454759X

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The 14th RCNP OSAKA International Symposium on Nuclear Reaction Dynamics of Nucleon-Hadron Many Body System was held in Osaka from December 6 to 9, 1995. The symposium covered current topics from Nucleon Spins and Mesons in Nuclei to Quark Lepton Nuclear Physics. Thus it included the field of hadron/nuclear physics from sub-GeV to multi-GeV energy region, as well as recent activities and development at RCNP. It was also intended to be a kind of winter school for young researchers/graduate students.This proceedings consists of the invited talks and lectures presented by leading physicists in the field and short oral presentations.

Cosmological Aspects of X-Ray Clusters of Galaxies
Cosmological Aspects of X-Ray Clusters of Galaxies

Author: W.C. Seitter

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 500

ISBN-13: 9401110220

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The NATO Advanced Study Institute "Cosmological Aspects of X-Ray Clus ters of Galaxies" took place in Vel en , Westphalia, Germany, from June 6 to June 18, 1993. It addressed the fruitful union of two topics, cosmology and X-ray clus ters, both of which carry substantial scientific weight at the beginning of the last decenium of the last century in the second millenium of our era. The so far largest X-ray "All-Sky Survey", observed by the ROSAT X-ray satel lite, and ROSAT's deep pointed observations, have considerably enlarged the base of X-ray astronomy, particularly concerning extragalactic sources. Cosmology has gained significant impetus from the large optical direct and spectroscopic surveys, based on high quality 2-dimensional receivers at large telescopes and powerful scan ning devices, harvesting the full information 1 content from the older technique of employing photographic plates. Radioastronomy and IR-astronomy with IRAS, as well as r-astronomy with GRO, continue and strengthen the role of extragalactic research. The rapidly growing computer power in data reduction and data storage facilities support the evolution towards large-number statistics. A most significant push was given to early cosmology by the needs of physics in trying to unravel the nature of forces which govern our material world. The topic of the ASI was chosen because it opens new vistas on this for ever new problem: the universe. Clusters of galaxies probe large-scale matter distributions and the structure of space-time.

Renormalization
Renormalization

Author: Laurie M. Brown

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 187

ISBN-13: 1461227208

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The purpose of this section is to give you a sketch of how quantum field theory works, where Feynman graphs come from and why they are so useful, where the infinities come from, and how we have learned to deal with them without compromising the physical principles involved. I am purposely treating the problem at the level of the 1940s and 1950s, so as to keep the basic ideas clear and avoid the more difficult problems and more sophisticated methods of recent years. I shall relate my discussion simply to quantum electrodynamics (QED) since that is the most familiar case and the case that was in the forefront from the beginning (though in fact I shall ignore many of the special complications that have to be dealt with when you quantize a gauge field). The methods I shall be describing are applicable to all sorts of quantized fields: the detailed factors are different but the structure of the logical development isjust the same. Not surprisingly, though, the renormalization procedure breaks down if the theory in question is nonrenormalizable. Whether nonrenormalizable theories are theories at all is a matter for debate; in any case, they hold no practical interest for physicists since they are essentially unusable. Quantum electrodynamics was devised in 1927 by Dirac, less than a year after the Schrodinger equation appeared and before the Dirac equa tion for the relativistic electron had been invented.

Quantum Bio-Informatics II
Quantum Bio-Informatics II

Author: L. Accardi

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2009-02-12

Total Pages: 357

ISBN-13: 9814273759

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The purpose of this proceedings volume is to look for interdisciplinary bridges in mathematics, physics, information and life sciences, in particular, research for new paradigms for information and life sciences on the basis of quantum theory. The main areas in this volume are all related to one of the following subjects: (1) mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics, (2) quantum information, (3) quantum algorithm and computation, (4) quantum communication, (5) white noise analysis and quantum dynamics, (6) chaos dynamics and adaptive dynamics, (7) experimental studies of quantum computer, (8) bio-informatics and (9) genome analysis.

Quantum Information and Computing
Quantum Information and Computing

Author: Luigi Accardi

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 398

ISBN-13: 9812774491

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The main purpose of this volume is to emphasize the multidisciplinary aspects of this very active new line of research in which concrete technological and industrial realizations require the combined efforts of experimental and theoretical physicists, mathematicians and engineers. Contents: Coherent Quantum Control of o-Atoms through the Stochastic Limit (L Accardi et al.); Recent Advances in Quantum White Noise Calculus (L Accardi & A Boukas); Joint Extension of States of Fermion Subsystems (H Araki); Fidelity of Quantum Teleportation Model Using Beam Splittings (K-H Fichtner et al.); Quantum Logical Gates Realized by Beam Splittings (W Freudenberg et al.); Noncanonical Representations of a Multi-dimensional Brownian Motion (Y Hibino); Information, Innovation and Elemental Random Field (T Hida); Generalized Sectors and Adjunctions to Control MicroOCoMacro Transitions (I Ojima); Saturation of an Entropy Bound and Quantum Markov States (D Petz); An Infinite Dimensional Laplacian Acting on Some Class of L(r)vy White Noise Functionals (K Sait); Structure of Linear Processes (S Si & W W Htay); Group Theory of Dynamical Maps (E C G Sudarshan); Quantum Entanglement, Purification, and Linear-optics Quantum Gates with Photonic Qubits (P Walther & A Zeilinger); On Quantum Mutual Type Measures and Capacity (N Watanabe); and other papers. Readership: Researchers in quantum physics and theoretical physics."