Following an introductory overview, Hyperthermia In Cancer Treatment: A Primer comprehensively describes the biological reasons for associating hyperthermia with radiation and chemotherapy and the biological and clinical effects of hyperthermia on cancerous and normal tissues. The volume’s 20 chapters are arranged in three principal parts: physical and methodological studies, biologic principles, and clinical studies.
Studies on the effects of hyperthermia have aroused great interest in recent years. On the one hand, it has been demonstrated. that hyperthermia may be a useful treatment modality for tumors, in combination with ionizing radia tion or cytotoxic drugs. On the other hand, it is of great scientific interest to study the effects of increased temperature on biological systems. Although hyperthermia has been used in the treatment of cancer for cen turies, its therapeutic success was doubtful. However, since it has been shown that radiation-induced cell killirtg can be remarkably enhanced by hyperthermia, many investigations have been performed with cells in vitro, tumors in situ, and normal tissues. From these studies it has been concluded that many biological phenomena and their characteristics which are found in tumors may be conducive to the use of hyperthermia in cancer therapy. Many researchers are studying the cell-killing mechanisms of heat and fac tors that modify cell thermosensitivity. A very fascinating biological phenomenon is the general observation that living cells can enhance their thermoresistance within hours of heat treatment. The development of such thermotolerance is apparently a universal process, and its mechanism is of general scientific interest. Metabolic and physiological processes are changed during and after hyperthermic treatment. These changes exert a strong feedback on the thermo sensitivity of cells and tissues, and also in fluence the heating characteristics of tissues, especially in tumors.
Oncothermia is the next generation medical innovation that delivers selective, controlled and deep energy for cancer treatment. The basic principles for oncothermia stem from oncological hyperthermia, the oldest approach to treating cancer. Nevertheless, hyperthermia has been wrought with significant controversy, mostly stemming from shortcomings of controlled energy delivery. Oncothermia has been able to overcome these insufficiencies and prove to be a controlled, safe and efficacious treatment option. This book is the first attempt to elucidate the theory and practice of oncothermia, based on rigorous mathematical and biophysical analysis, not centered on the temperature increase. It is supported by numerous in-vitro and in-vivo findings and twenty years of clinical experience. This book will help scientists, researchers and medical practitioners in understanding the scientific and conceptual underpinnings of oncothermia and will add another valuable tool in the fight against cancer. Professor Andras Szasz is the inventor of oncothermia and the Head of St Istvan University's Biotechnics Department in Hungary. He has published over 300 papers and lectured at various universities around the world. Dr. Oliver Szasz is the managing director of Oncotherm, the global manufacturer and distributor of medical devices for cancer treatment used in Europe & Asia since the late 1980s. Dr. Nora Szasz is currently a management consultant in healthcare for McKinsey & Co.
Studies on the effects of hyperthermia have aroused great interest in recent years. On the one hand, it has been demonstrated. that hyperthermia may be a useful treatment modality for tumors, in combination with ionizing radia tion or cytotoxic drugs. On the other hand, it is of great scientific interest to study the effects of increased temperature on biological systems. Although hyperthermia has been used in the treatment of cancer for cen turies, its therapeutic success was doubtful. However, since it has been shown that radiation-induced cell killirtg can be remarkably enhanced by hyperthermia, many investigations have been performed with cells in vitro, tumors in situ, and normal tissues. From these studies it has been concluded that many biological phenomena and their characteristics which are found in tumors may be conducive to the use of hyperthermia in cancer therapy. Many researchers are studying the cell-killing mechanisms of heat and fac tors that modify cell thermosensitivity. A very fascinating biological phenomenon is the general observation that living cells can enhance their thermoresistance within hours of heat treatment. The development of such thermotolerance is apparently a universal process, and its mechanism is of general scientific interest. Metabolic and physiological processes are changed during and after hyperthermic treatment. These changes exert a strong feedback on the thermo sensitivity of cells and tissues, and also in fluence the heating characteristics of tissues, especially in tumors.
Hyperthermia has been found to be of great benefit in combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy in the management of patients with difficult and com plicated tumor problems. It has been demonstrated to increase the efficacy, of ionising radiation when used locally but also has been of help in combination with systemic chemotherapy where hyperthermia is carried out to the total body. Problems remain with regard to maximizing the effects of hyperthermia as in fluenced by blood flow, heat loss, etc. The present volume defines the current knowledge relative to hyperthermia with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, giving a comprehensive overview of its use in cancer management. Philadelphia/Hamburg, June 1995 L.W. BRADY H.-P. HEILMANN Preface In an attempt to overcome tumor resistance, hypoxia, or unfavorable tumor condi tions, oncological research has come to focus on gene therapy, immunotherapy, new cytotoxic agents, and increasingly sophisticated radiotherapy. Radiation research has been directed towards heavy particle therapy and modification of the radiation response by either protecting or sensitizing agents. Improved dose localization using rotational or conformal strategies has also been implemented. Recently, changes in radiation fractionation schedules have shown promise of better results. Hyperthermia in cancer therapy can be viewed similarly as another means to increase the sensitivity of tumors to radio- and chemotherapy.
The next generation of oncological hyperthermia involves the medical innovation of selectively heating up the malignant cells of the body in a controlled way. The easily-distinguishable biophysical and physiological characteristics of cancer cells and their immediate environment are the focus of the targeted energy delivery of this treatment. This heterogenic heating concept breaks with the homogeneous nature of conventional hyperthermia, where an isothermally equal temperature is applied to the large surface area of a solid tumor. Due to its selectivity, the new concept enables the usage of a significantly lower energy, making it safer, less toxic, and easier to use. This book shows the challenges facing oncological hyperthermia, and highlights clinical results obtained in various countries. It also presents discussions about the theoretical basis of the method, adding some technical discussions and clarifying the most difficult points of its design. The contributions dealing with clinical results use state-of-art conventional therapies with complementary hyperthermia and show the advantages of such a combination.
This volume focuses on new and exciting approaches in the molecular and clinical management of gastrointestinal tumors. The first part presents recent insights into carcinogenesis, including alterations in cyclins and adhesion receptors, molecular structures which might be new targets of gene therapy. The second part of the volume offers new diagnostic tools, such as receptors for gastrointestinal hormones, proliferation markers, tumor suppressor proteins, and the multiple drug resistance gene, predicting response to therapy and prognosis in gastrointestinal tumors. The third part gives an update of successful approaches in primary and secondary prevention of colorectal carcinoma. Nutritional factors and pharmacologic agents can clearly decrease the risk, and fecal occult blood tests and endoscopy can reduce the mortality in colorectal carcinoma. Laparoscopic staging with subsequent biopsy of suspicious lymph nodes provides essential information in esophageal and gastric cancer. In locally advanced gastric cancer, preoperative chemotherapy provides sufficient evidence to investigate this approach as compared to primary surgery. Standards have recently been established in the adjuvant treatment of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma, and promising new drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, thymidylate synthase, and topoisomerase inhibitors, as well as taxoids, are currently being tested in phase I, II, and III trials of gastrointestinal tumors.
An authoritative guide to theory and applications of heat transfer in humans Theory and Applications of Heat Transfer in Humans 2V Set offers a reference to the field of heating and cooling of tissue, and associated damage. The author—a noted expert in the field—presents, in this book, the fundamental physics and physiology related to the field, along with some of the recent applications, all in one place, in such a way as to enable and enrich both beginner and advanced readers. The book provides a basic framework that can be used to obtain ‘decent’ estimates of tissue temperatures for various applications involving tissue heating and/or cooling, and also presents ways to further develop more complex methods, if needed, to obtain more accurate results. The book is arranged in three sections: The first section, named ‘Physics’, presents fundamental mathematical frameworks that can be used as is or combined together forming more complex tools to determine tissue temperatures; the second section, named ‘Physiology’, presents ideas and data that provide the basis for the physiological assumptions needed to develop successful mathematical tools; and finally, the third section, named ‘Applications’, presents examples of how the marriage of the first two sections are used to solve problems of today and tomorrow. This important text is the vital resource that: Offers a reference book in the field of heating and cooling of tissue, and associated damage. Provides a comprehensive theoretical and experimental basis with biomedical applications Shows how to develop and implement both, simple and complex mathematical models to predict tissue temperatures Includes simple examples and results so readers can use those results directly or adapt them for their applications Designed for students, engineers, and other professionals, a comprehensive text to the field of heating and cooling of tissue that includes proven theories with applications. The author reveals how to develop simple and complex mathematical models, to predict tissue heating and/or cooling, and associated damage.
