Bioeffects of Cultured Human Cells from High Energy, Ultrashort Pulse Laser-Light
Bioeffects of Cultured Human Cells from High Energy, Ultrashort Pulse Laser-Light

Author: John Obringer

Publisher:

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 14

ISBN-13:

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The use of laser light for targeting devices and weapons has sharply increased the likelihood that aircrew and support personnel will be exposed to laser light during operations. The increased potential for exposure of humans highlights the fact that there is a need for scientifically based safety standards for laser exposure at the ultrashort pulse lengths. Current safety standards are largely extrapolations of exposure limits at longer pulse lengths using a minimal visible lesion endpoint in the Rhesus monkey retinal model. A non-animal model for assessing laser-light damage to tissue, particularly human, is quite desirous for obvious scientific, political, and fiduciary reasons. I assessed the sublethal insult to human cells using a tissue culture system for specific genes that have been shown to be important in several biological processes that could lead to cancer or cell death. Using the CAT-Tox (L) (xenometrix, Inc.) assay, it appears that 532 nm nanosecond pulse of laser light are sensed and induces several stress response genes including FOS in a roughly dose dependent fashion. This approach provides insight into a more global methodology for characterizing environmental stressors via genetic profiling.

High Energy, Ultrashort Pulse Green Laser-Light Exposure of Cultured Human Cells Yields Evidence of DNA Damage
High Energy, Ultrashort Pulse Green Laser-Light Exposure of Cultured Human Cells Yields Evidence of DNA Damage

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The use of laser light for targeting devices and weapons has sharply increased the likelihood that aircrew and support personnel will be exposed to laser light during operations. The increased potential for exposure of humans highlights the need for scientifically-based safety standards for laser exposure at the ultrashort pulse lengths. Current safety standards are largely extrapolations of exposure limits at longer pulse lengths using a minimal visible lesion endpoint in the Rhesus monkey retinal model. A non-animal model for assessing laser-light damage to tissue, particularly human, is necessary for obvious scientific, political, and fiduciary reasons. We assessed the sublethal insult to human cells using a tissue culture system for specific genes that have been shown to be important in several biological processes that could lead to cancer or cell death. Using the CAT-Tox (L) (Xenometrix, Inc.) assay, it appears that green (532 nm), picosecond pulses of laser light is sensed and induces several stress response genes, including FOS, a proto-oncogene, in a roughly dose dependent fashion. Numerous other genes were also induced harbingering the presence of DNA damage. This approach provides insight into a more global methodology for characterizing environmental stressors via genetic profiling.

Laser Bioeffects
Laser Bioeffects

Author: Daniel Robert Lykins

Publisher:

Published: 2002-01-01

Total Pages: 104

ISBN-13: 9781423523413

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The use of laser light for targeting devices and industry has dramatically increased the likelihood that personnel will be exposed to laser energy during military and commercial operations. The increased potential for exposure of humans to lasers highlights the need to understand laser-tissue interactions at the most basic cell and molecular levels. Current ultrashort pulse laser safety standards are based on a minimal visible lesion (MVL), i.e., histological, damage endpoint in the Rhesus monkey model (Shaver, 2001). A human model for assessing laser-light damage to tissue at the cell and molecular level is desirable for scientific, political and fiduciary reasons. This research assesses the effects of sublethal pulsed laser-light treatment to a human melanocyte (skin) cell line. Proteomic inquiry into the cellular effect of laser treatment was accomplished via parallel sample analysis with over 850 monoclonal antibodies in order to screen for changes in the levels of protein expression. In short, the data indicated dramatically increased molecular debridement, decreased apoptotic signaling and cell cycling and other cellular phenomena sufficient to propose a stress response and recovery paradigm.

Near Infrared, High Energy, Ultrashort Pulse Laser-Light Exposure Genetically Induces P53, a Gene in the DNA Repair and Cell Suicide Pathways in Cultured Human Cells
Near Infrared, High Energy, Ultrashort Pulse Laser-Light Exposure Genetically Induces P53, a Gene in the DNA Repair and Cell Suicide Pathways in Cultured Human Cells

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 13

ISBN-13:

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The use of laser light for targeting devices and weapons has sharply increased the likelihood that aircrew and support personnel will be exposed to laser light during operations. The increased potential for exposure of humans highlights the need for scientifically-based safety standards for laser exposure at the ultrashort pulse lengths. Current safety standards are largely extrapolations of exposure limits at longer pulse lengths using a minimal visible lesion endpoint in the Rhesus monkey retinal model. A non-animal model for assessing laser-light damage to tissue, particularly human, is quite desirous for obvious scientific, political, and fiduciary reasons. We assessed the sublethal insult to human cells using a tissue culture system for specific genes that have been shown to be important in several biological processes that could lead to cancer or cell death. Using the CAT-Tox (L) (Xenometrix, Inc.) assay, it appears that 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses of laser light is sensed and induces several stress response genes, including p53, a gene in the DNA repair and apoptosis (cell suicide) regulatory pathways in a dose dependent fashion. This approach provides insight into a more global methodology for characterizing environmental stressors via genetic profiling.

Laser Bioeffects: Differential Protein Expression of Cultured Human Melanocytes Treated With 532 Nm Picosecond Pulse Laser-Light
Laser Bioeffects: Differential Protein Expression of Cultured Human Melanocytes Treated With 532 Nm Picosecond Pulse Laser-Light

Author: Daniel Robert Lykins

Publisher:

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 104

ISBN-13:

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The use of laser light for targeting devices and industry has dramatically increased the likelihood that personnel will be exposed to laser energy during military and commercial operations. The increased potential for exposure of humans to lasers highlights the need to understand laser-tissue interactions at the most basic cell and molecular levels. Current ultrashort pulse laser safety standards are based on a minimal visible lesion (MVL), i.e., histological, damage endpoint in the Rhesus monkey model (Shaver, 2001). A human model for assessing laser-light damage to tissue at the cell and molecular level is desirable for scientific, political and fiduciary reasons. This research assesses the effects of sublethal pulsed laser-light treatment to a human melanocyte (skin) cell line. Proteomic inquiry into the cellular effect of laser treatment was accomplished via parallel sample analysis with over 850 monoclonal antibodies in order to screen for changes in the levels of protein expression. In short, the data indicated dramatically increased molecular debridement, decreased apoptotic signaling and cell cycling and other cellular phenomena sufficient to propose a stress response and recovery paradigm.

Genetic Induction of Cultured Human Cells by Femtosecond Pulse Laser-Light Exposure
Genetic Induction of Cultured Human Cells by Femtosecond Pulse Laser-Light Exposure

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 16

ISBN-13:

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The use of laser light for targeting devices and weapons has sharply increased the likelihood that aircrew and support personnel will be exposed during operations. The increased potential for exposure of humans to laser light highlights the need for scientifically-based safety standards for laser exposure at the ultrashort pulse lengths. Current safety standards are largely extrapolations of exposure limits at longer pulse lengths using a minimal visible lesion endpoint in the Rhesus monkey retinal model. A non-animal model for assessing laser-light damage to tissue, particularly human, is quite desirous for obvious scientific, political, and fiduciary reasons. We assessed the sublethal insult to human cells using a tissue culture system for specific genes that have been shown to be important in several biological processes that could lead to cancer or cell death. Using the CAT-Tox (L) assay, it appears that 910 and 455 nm, femtosecond pulses of laser light is sensed and induces several stress response genes. Both wavelengths induced the xenobiotic receptor element in a roughly dose dependent fashion at 48 hours post exposure; while also inducing other genes to yield a genetic expression fingerprint unique to the exposure parameters. This approach provides insight into a more global methodology for characterizing environmental stressors via genetic profiling.

Laser Bioeffects Resulting from Non-Linear Interactions of Ultrashort Pulses with Biological Systems
Laser Bioeffects Resulting from Non-Linear Interactions of Ultrashort Pulses with Biological Systems

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 65

ISBN-13:

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The original goal of this project was to determine the role of non-linear interactions underlying the bioeffects induced by ultrashort pulse laser pulses. As initially conceived, this line of investigation was to be principally directed at understanding the contribution of multiphoton absorption. This indeed was a major focus of the research project, but for various reasons the scope of the work was expanded to include identification of the intracellular mechanisms that determine the cellular response to the absorption of optical radiation, and to develop and implement a non-invasive means for measuring the thermal gradients induced by the absorption of laser radiation in tissue. Both of these ancillary projects were successful in that (1) the transcription factor NF-B was found to be activated by visible laser exposure in a way that appeared to be dependent on the absorption of laser energy in the melanin granules of the retinal pigment epithelial cell, and (2) by exploiting the temperature-dependent nature of the proton resonance frequency (PRF), magnetic resonance thermography was successfully used to measure temperature gradients induced in tissue phantoms during laser exposure, and these gradients closely followed the spatial distributions predicted by classical heat diffusion theory.

Laser-induced Pharmacoglycomic Bioeffects Demonstration Study
Laser-induced Pharmacoglycomic Bioeffects Demonstration Study

Author: John W. Obringer

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 25

ISBN-13:

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The use of laser light for military and commercial applications has sharply increased the likelihood of personnel exposure to laser light during operations. The increased potential for human exposure highlights the fact that there is paucity of basic science at the cell and molecular level concerning the effects of laser exposure of human cells. As a research demonstration of technology we assessed the sublethal insult to human retinal pigment epithelial cells using a human retinal pigment epithelial explant system for glycan-protein binding patterns differentially expressed 12 hours post-exposure using glycan-protein binding microarray technology (GlycoChip Array, Glycominds Ltd.). It is evident that pulses of laser light are sensed and markedly alter glycan-protein binding patterns. The nanosecond pulses of 532 nm light (107mJ/cm2) appeared to increase the labeled protein binding in two-thirds of the probed glycans in the treated tissue. As expected, some binding increased, while others decreased and some remained unchanged. This report constitutes the first ever investigation into laser-light alteration of protein-glycan interactions which may have major implications in the post irradiation response of the tissue involved given the biological relevance of glycans and their protein interactions. This investigative approach also showcases a global methodology for characterizing environmental stressors on life.