Belligerent Reprisals as Seen in the Light of the Diplomatic Conference on Humanitarian Law, Geneva 1974-1977
Author: Stanisław Edward Nahlik
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 31
ISBN-13:
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Belligerent Reprisals
Author: Frits Kalshoven
Publisher: BRILL
Published: 2005-06-01
Total Pages: 416
ISBN-13: 9047415051
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBelligerent Reprisals examines the historical developments in the law and practice relating to recourse to belligerent reprisals, as a (primitive) means of law enforcement in the hands of a party to an armed conflict, victim of a violation of the law of war at the hands of its enemy. As a legal concept, the notion means that the victim in turn violates a rule of the same body of the law of war, with the purpose of thus inducing the enemy to terminate its unlawful conduct. However, the enemy may in its turn denounce the so-called reprisal as an unlawful act of war and retaliate against it, thus setting in motion the ill-famed spiral of negative reciprocity. While early lawmakers refrained from taking up the issue, prohibitions of reprisals could be achieved in conventions adopted in 1929 and 1949 on the protection of the power of the enemy. In contrast, reprisals (or retaliatory conduct announced under that title without meeting the requisite conditions) were common practice in the conduct of hostilities, with civilians in non-occupied territory as the main victims. With major governments disinclined to give up this tool, the ban on reprisals against civilian populations ultimately accepted in the Protocols of 1977 Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 could only be hard-fought, and it remains contested to this day. First published in 1971, Belligerent Reprisals has become a classic work on this complex topic. The analysis of lawmaking and state practice it contains is as valid today as it was in the late 1970’s, and elucidates the dilemmas inherent in the notion of belligerent reprisal, as a means of law enforcement that can go terribly wrong.
Commentary on the Additional Protocols
Author: Claude Pilloud
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Published: 1987-05-07
Total Pages: 1674
ISBN-13: 9789024734603
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAnnex I is commented by Philippe Eberlin.
The implementation and enforcement of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and of the two additional protocols of 1978
Author: G. I. A. D. Draper
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Published: 1980
Total Pages: 436
ISBN-13: 9789028609808
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCollective Responsibility and Accountability under International Law
Author: Shane Darcy
Publisher: BRILL
Published: 2007-03-30
Total Pages: 424
ISBN-13: 9047431286
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCollective Responsibility and Accountability under International Law examines the extent to which the basic principle of individual responsibility accommodates liability for the acts of others. It examines the debates and legal developments surrounding collective responsibility under international law. The philosophical debates on collective responsibility provide an introduction to the examination of whether collective responsibility is ever appropriate or even lawful under international law. As the international criminal justice project begins to flourish, it is of paramount importance that the extent of the potential liability of individuals for the acts of others is clarified and held up to rigorous scrutiny. It is of equal importance that there is a clear understanding of whether the means of responding to ongoing violations of international humanitarian law can include measures based on collective responsibility. Global events have created an impetus for the parameters of responsibility to be clearly defined. The rise of non-State actors within the international legal regime raises complex questions surrounding their status, power and the means for holding them accountable. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.
Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict
Author: Astrid J Delissen
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Published: 1991-07
Total Pages: 700
ISBN-13: 9004636072
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe collection of essays is entitled `Challenges Ahead'. An ambitious title, but an appropriate one; for the contributors, as the 21st century draws near, ask themselves a number of basic questions about the future of the law in a world undergoing such profound changes. Their reflections will certainly give both cause for hope and reason to fear. This Liber Amicorum dedicated to Professor Frits Kalshoven, is written by specialists who for many years have given their best to the development and promotion of humanitarian law. It will make a significant contribution to the understanding of international humanitarian law.
Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2002
Author: Horst Fischer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2011-03-04
Total Pages: 1046
ISBN-13: 9789067041898
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe world’s only annual publication devoted to the study of the laws of armed conflict, the Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law provides a truly international forum for high-quality, peer-reviewed academic articles focusing on this highly-topical branch of international law. The Yearbook also includes a selection of documents from the reporting period, many of which are not accessible elsewhere and a comprehensive bibliography of all recent publications in humanitarian law and other relevant fields. Ease of use of the Yearbook is guaranteed by the inclusion of a detailed index. Distinguished by its topicality and contemporary relevance, the Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law bridges the gap between theory and practice and serves as a useful reference tool for scholars, practitioners, military personnel, civil servants, diplomats, human rights workers and students.
Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict
Author: Rain Liivoja
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2016-04-28
Total Pages: 722
ISBN-13: 1136028803
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe law of armed conflict is a key element of the global legal order yet it finds itself in a state of flux created by the changing nature of warfare and the influences of other branches of international law. The Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict provides a unique perspective on the field covering all the key aspects of the law as well as identifying developing and often contentious areas of interest. The handbook will feature original pieces by international experts in the field, including academics, staff of relevant NGOs and (former) members of the armed forces. Made up of six parts in order to offer a comprehensive overview of the field, the structure of the handbook is as follows: Part I: Fundamentals Part II: Principle of distinction Part III: Means and methods of warfare Part IV: Special protection regimes Part V: Compliance and enforcement Part VI: Some contemporary issues Throughout the book, attention is paid to non-international conflicts as well as international conflicts with acknowledgement of the differences. The contributors also consider the relationship between the law of armed conflict and human rights law, looking at how the various rules and principles of human rights law interact with specific rules and principles of international humanitarian law in particular circumstances. The Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict provides a fresh take on the contemporary laws of war and is written for advanced level students, academics, researchers, NGOs and policy-makers with an interest in the field.
The Law of Non-International Armed Conflict
Author: Sandesh Sivakumaran
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Published: 2012-08-09
Total Pages: 696
ISBN-13: 0191638153
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Law of Non-International Armed Conflict brings together and critically analyses the disparate conventional, customary, and soft law relating to non-international armed conflict. All the relevant bodies of international law are considered, including international humanitarian law, international criminal law, and international human rights law. The book traces the changes to the legal framework applicable to non-international armed conflict from ad hoc regulation in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, to systematic regulation through the 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Additional Protocols, to the transformation of the law in the mid-1990s. Armed conflicts ranging from the US civil war, the Algerian War of Independence, and the attempted secession of Biafra, through to the current conflicts in the Colombia, the Philippines, and Sudan are all considered. The identification and analysis of the law is complemented by a consideration of the practice, allowing both violations of, and respect for, the law, to be ascertained. Given that non-international armed conflicts are fought between states and non-state armed groups, or between armed groups, particular attention is paid to the oft-neglected views of armed groups. This is done through an analysis of hundreds of statements, unilateral declarations, internal regulations, and bilateral agreements issued by armed groups. Equivalent material emanating from states parties to conflicts is also considered. The book is thus an essential reference point for the law and practice of non-international armed conflicts.
