Explores vertical relations (Herrschaft) between peasants, landlords and territorial lords and horizontal bonds (Genossenschaft) and conflicts within the peasant society. This book examines the peasants' control over land and resources from the High Middle Ages to the end of the early modern period in the Scandinavian countries.
Peasants, Lords, and State: Comparing Peasant Conditions in Scandinavia and the Eastern Alpine Region, 1000-1750 compares peasant self-determination in relation to manorial and territorial power structures in Scandinavia and the eastern Alpine region between 1000 and 1750.
Lists articles, notes, and similar literature on medieval subjects in journals, Festschriften, conference proceedings, and collected essays. Covers all aspects of medieval studies within the date range of 450 to 1500 for the entire continent of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa for the period before the Muslim conquest and parts of those areas subsequently controlled by Christian powers.
This book seeks to revitalise the somewhat stagnant scholarly debate on Germanic rulership in the first millennium AD. A series of comprehensive chapters combines literary evidence on Scandinavia’s polities, kings, and other rulers with archaeological, documentary, toponymical, and linguistic evidence. The picture that emerges is one of surprisingly stable rulership institutions, sites, and myths, while control of them was contested between individuals, dynasties, and polities. While in the early centuries, Scandinavia was integrated in Germanic Europe, profound societal and cultural changes in 6th-century Scandinavia and the Christianisation of Continental and English kingdoms set northern kingship on a different path. The pagan heroic warrior ethos, essential to kingship, was developed and refined; only to recur overseas embodied in 9th–10th-century Vikings. Three chapters on a hitherto unknown masonry royal manor at Avaldsnes in western Norway, excavated 2017, concludes this volume with discussions of the late-medieval peak of Norwegian kingship and it’s eventual downfall in the late 14th century. This book’s discussions and results are relevant to all scholars and students of 1st-millenium Germanic kingship, polities, and societies.
The Royal manor Avaldsnes in southwest Norway holds a rich history testified by 13th century sagas and exceptional graves from the first millennium AD. In 2011–12 the settlement was excavated. In this first book from the project crucial results from an international team of 23 scholars are published. The chapters cover a wide array of topics ranging from building-remains and scientific analyses of finds to landownership and ritual manifestations.
This book provides an analysis of the ideology of power in Norway and Iceland as reflected in sources written during the period 1150-1250. The main focus is explaining the way that Kings’ power in Norway, and that of chieftains in Iceland, was idealised in important texts from the 12th and 13th centuries (Sverris saga, Konungs skuggsjá, Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar, Íslendingabók, Egils saga, Laxdæla saga and Þórðar saga kakala). The originality of this work consists in the fact that it is the first monograph to comparatively analyse the ideology of power in Iceland, looking specifically at representations of king(s) and chieftains during the Civil Wars period, and compare the findings to those pertaining to Norway.
The historical term "Thing" refers to popular assemblies, open-air court sessions and parliaments. All three meanings are found in many examples in the book, including over 225 illustrations of which 182 in color. In addition 48 supporting maps are added. Thing as a juridical court session occurs most frequently, such as in old descriptions like: "In this judgment seat, on the border of the two parishes, the Thing or Dinc, that is, the assembly of the court participants, gathered to take the oath," and in: "The Wood-Thinge were held each time at this farmstead to redetermine the distribution of the march lands. The landlords and their heirs often came from far away to these Wood-Thinge. Many a nobleman's carriage, many a high-wheeled cart, and many a peasant's covered wagon must have stood here." Thinge, i.e. public meetings and court sessions, were preferably held under the leafy canopy of the linden tree, because it was believed that the scent of linden blossoms would make the disputants gentle and the judges benevolent. In addition, the linden tree was said to have a great protective effect. Very many of the presented Thingplaces have been preserved and many of them are impressive places to visit.
This book examines Max Weber's understanding of bureaucracy by applying his ideas to the development of officialdom from the ninth century to the present in six territories: England, Sweden, France, Germany, Spain, and Hungary. Edward Page takes a broad view of bureaucracy that includes not only officials in important central or national institutions but also those providing goods and services locally. The 'scorecard' is based on expected developments in four key areas of Weber's analysis: the functional differentiation of tasks within government, professionalism, formalism, and monocracy. After discussing the character of officialdom in the ninth, twelfth, fifteenth, eighteenth, and twenty-first centuries, the book reveals that Weber's scorecard has a mixed record, especially weak in its account of the development of monocracy and formalism. A final chapter discusses alternative conceptions of bureaucratic development and sets out an account based on understanding processes of routinization, institutional integration, and the instrumentalization of law.
Der Band umfasst Überblicke und Fallstudien zur Geschichte ländlicher Gemeingüter. In vergleichender Perspektive zieht er eine problemorientierte Zwischenbilanz dieses expandierenden Forschungszweigs. Ländliche Gemeingüter sind Institutionen, in denen die Nutzung natürlicher Ressourcen (Wälder, Weiden, Gewässer usw.) von sozialen Kollektiven organisiert wird. Seit den Agrarreformen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts durchliefen diese Institutionen unterschiedliche Entwicklungen, die von ihrer Auflösung bis zur Integration in (post-)industrielle Wirtschafts- und Verfassungsstrukturen reichen. Die historische Forschung zu ländlichen Gemeingütern hat das Augenmerk jüngst von den Auflösungsprozessen auf die institutionellen Faktoren ihrer Langlebigkeit gelenkt. Der deutsch- und englischsprachige Band zieht anhand exemplarischer Fallanalysen und problemorientierter Resümees eine Zwischenbilanz der neueren Forschung. Der geographische Schwerpunkt liegt auf europäischen Regionen in vergleichender Perspektive, der zeitliche Rahmen erstreckt sich vom Spätmittelalter bis ins 21. Jahrhundert.
