This book provides practical information on the use of infrared (IR) spectroscopy for the analysis of materials found in cultural objects. Designed for scientists and students in the fields of archaeology, art conservation, microscopy, forensics, chemistry, and optics, the book discusses techniques for examining the microscopic amounts of complex, aged components in objects such as paintings, sculptures, and archaeological fragments. Chapters include the history of infrared spectroscopy, the basic parameters of infrared absorption theory, IR instrumentation, analysis methods, sample collection and preparation, and spectra interpretation. The authors cite several case studies, such as examinations of Chumash Indian paints and the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Institute’s Tools for Conservation series provides practical scientific procedures and methodologies for the practice of conservation. The series is specifically directed to conservation scientists, conservators, and technical experts in related fields.
Practical Sampling Techniques for Infrared Analysis provides a single-source guide to sample handling for routine analysis in infrared spectroscopy using commercially available instrumentation and accessories. Following a review of infrared spectroscopic theory, chapters consider individual techniques such as transmission methodology (e.g., solution cells, KBr pellets), internal reflectance, diffuse reflectance, photoacoustic FT-IR, infrared microscopy, GC/FT-IR, and quantitative analysis. In addition, two chapters elaborate on both typical and unusual samples and problems encountered in industrial laboratories and the process by which a spectroscopist chooses the most effective technique. Various short courses on infrared analysis are also listed. Practical Sampling Techniques for Infrared Analysis will be an important guide for all professional analytical chemists and technicians.
Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation is a complete treatment of the theory and methodology of sampling in all physical phases and the theory of sample preparation for all major extraction techniques. It is the perfect starting point for researchers and students to design and implement their experiments and support those experiments with quality-reviewed background information. In its four volumes, fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation are reinforced through broad and detailed sections dealing with Biological and Medical, Environmental and Forensic, and Food and Beverage applications. The contributions are organized to reflect the way in which analytical chemists approach a problem. It is intended for a broad audience of analytical chemists, both educators and practitioners of the art and can assist in the preparation of courses as well in the selection of sampling and sample preparation techniques to address the challenges at hand. Above all, it is designed to be helpful in learning more about these topics, as well as to encourage an interest in sampling and sample preparation by outlining the present practice of the technology and by indicating research opportunities. Sampling and Sample preparation is a large and well-defined field in Analytical Chemistry, relevant for many application areas such as medicine, environmental science, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and food science. This work covers all these aspects and will be extremely useful to researchers and students, who can use it as a starting point to design and implement their experiments and for quality-reviewed background information There are limited resources that Educators can use to effectively teach the fundamental aspects of modern sample preparation technology. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation addresses this need, but focuses on the common principles of new developments in extraction technologies rather than the differences between techniques thus facilitating a more thorough understanding Provides a complete overview of the field. Not only will help to save time, it will also help to make correct assessments and avoid costly mistakes in sampling in the process Sample and sample preparation are integral parts of the analytical process but are often less considered and sometimes even completely disregarded in the available literature. To fill this gap, leading scientists have contributed 130 chapters, organized in 4 volumes, covering all modern aspects of sampling and liquid, solid phase and membrane extractions, as well as the challenges associated with different types of matrices in relevant application areas
Spectral Methods in Transition Metal Complexes provides a conceptual understanding on how to interpret the optical UV-vis, vibrational EPR, and NMR spectroscopy of transition metal complexes. Metal complexes have broad applications across chemistry in the areas of drug discovery, such as anticancer drugs, sensors, special materials for specific requirements, and catalysis, so a thorough knowledge in preparation and characterization of metal complexes, while niche, is critical. Accessible to both the seasoned researcher and the graduate student alike, this book provides readers with a single source of content that addresses spectral methods in transition metal complexes. - Provides readers with a single reference on metal complexes and coordination compounds - Contains more than 100 figures, tables, and illustrations to aid in the retention of key concepts - Authored by a scientist with nearly 40 years of experience in research and instruction
Rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-deploy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be used to analyze samples of virtually any composition, origin, and condition. The Handbook of Near Infrared Analysis, Fourth Edition, explores the factors necessary to perform accurate and time- and cost-effective analyses across a growing spectrum of disciplines. This updated and expanded edition incorporates the latest advances in instrumentation, computerization, chemometrics applied to NIR spectroscopy, and method development in NIR spectroscopy, and underscores current trends in sample preparation, calibration transfer, process control, data analysis, instrument performance testing, and commercial NIR instrumentation. This work offers readers an unparalleled combination of theoretical foundations, cutting-edge applications, and practical experience. Additional features include the following: Explains how to perform accurate as well as time- and cost-effective analyses. Reviews software-enabled chemometric methods and other trends in data analysis. Highlights novel applications in pharmaceuticals, polymers, plastics, petrochemicals, textiles, foods and beverages, baked products, agricultural products, biomedicine, nutraceuticals, and counterfeit detection. Underscores current trends in sample preparation, calibration transfer, process control, data analysis, and multiple aspects of commercial NIR instrumentation. Offering the most complete single-source guide of its kind, the Handbook of Near Infrared Analysis, Fourth Edition, continues to offer practicing chemists and spectroscopists an unparalleled combination of theoretical foundations, cutting-edge applications, and detailed practical experience provided firsthand by more than 50 experts in the field.
VETERINARY ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA A thoroughly updated new edition of the foundational reference on veterinary anesthesia and analgesia Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia: The Sixth Edition of Lumb and Jones is a fully updated revision to this comprehensive, authoritative reference to all aspects of veterinary anesthesia and pain management. Encompassing both scientific principles and clinical applications, the new edition adds new knowledge, techniques, and discussion of emerging issues throughout. Fourteen new chapters significantly expand the coverage of patient monitoring modalities and nociception and pain, while presenting new information on safety culture, infection prevention and control, biomedical engineering, and point-of-care ultrasound. Logically organized into sections, information on basic principles, pharmacology, specific body systems, and specific species is easy to access. Comparative anesthetic considerations for dogs and cats, horses, ruminants, swine, laboratory animals, free-ranging terrestrial mammals, marine mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and birds are discussed. Chapters are devoted to anesthesia and pain management of common domestic species and patient populations, including updated chapters on local and regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques. A companion website offers video clips of point-of-care ultrasound techniques and pain assessment and scoring. Readers of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia: The Sixth Edition of Lumb and Jones will also find: Significantly expanded coverage of patient monitoring, including new chapters devoted to anesthetic depth and electroencephalography, electrocardiography, blood pressure, ventilation, oxygenation, and anesthetic gas monitoring. More in-depth coverage of respiratory physiology and pathophysiology, with new sections covering oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, anesthetic management considerations for bronchoscopy, intrathoracic procedures, including one-lung ventilation, and patients with respiratory disease. Expanded coverage of pain physiology and pathophysiology, recognition and quantification of pain, and clinical pain management, including both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic modalities. A companion website incorporating video clips and example pain scoring sheets to complement the more than 500 images in the text itself. With its unparalleled multidisciplinary approach, Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia is a must-own volume for veterinary anesthesia specialists and researchers; specialists in other disciplines, including both small and large animal surgeons; practitioners; and students.
This work provides coverage of experimental and theoretical procedures for vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE). A survey of the different models and approaches in recent literature enables the reader to choose the appropriate action.
Provides an introduction to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy for the first time, explaining the fundamental aspects of this technique, how to obtain a spectrum and how to analyse infrared data covering a wide range of applications. Includes instrumental and sampling techniques Covers biological and industrial applications Includes suitable questions and problems in each chapter to assist in the analysis and interpretation of representative infrared spectra Part of the ANTS (Analytical Techniques in the Sciences) Series.
Given the inherent complexity of food products, most instrumental techniques employed for quality and authenticity evaluation (e.g., chromatographic methods) are time demanding, expensive, and involve a considerable amount of manual labor. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in simpler, faster, and reliable analytical methods for assessing food quality attributes. Spectroscopic Methods in Food Analysis presents the basic concepts of spectroscopic methods, together with a discussion on the most important applications in food analysis. The determination of product quality and authenticity and the detection of adulteration are major issues in the food industry, causing concern among consumers and special attention among food manufacturers. As such, this book explains why spectroscopic methods have been extensively employed to the analysis of food products as they often require minimal or no sample preparation, provide rapid and on-line analysis, and have the potential to run multiple tests on a single sample (i.e., non-destructive). This book consists of concepts related to food quality and authenticity, that are quite broad, given the different demands of the manufacturer, the consumer, the surveillance and the legislative bodies that ultimately provide healthy and safe products.
