Presents an analysis of seismic signatures for azimuthally anisotropic media and shows anisotropic inversion/processing methods for wide-azimuth reflection data and VSP surveys. The focus is kinematic parameter-estimation techniques; the prestack amplitudes section includes AVO and attenuation coefficients; field examples are included.
This book explores the possibility of using azimuthal Walsh filters as an effective tool for manipulating far-field diffraction characteristics near the focal plane of rotationally symmetric imaging systems. It discusses the generation and synthesis of azimuthal Walsh filters, and explores the inherent self-similarity presented in various orders of these filters, classifying them into self-similar groups and sub-groups. Further, it demonstrates that azimuthal Walsh filters possess a unique rotational self-similarity exhibited among adjacent orders. Serving as an atlas of diffraction phenomena with pupil functions represented by azimuthal Walsh filters of different orders, this book describes how orthogonality and self-similarity of these filters could be harnessed to sculpture 2D and 3D light distributions near the focus.
Observing offset-dependent seismic reflectivity has proven to be a valuable exploration tool for the direct detection of hydrocarbons. This monograph provides a comprehensive review of reflection coefficients and their approximations in isotropic media, followed by an in-depth discussion of reflection amplitudes in anisotropic media. No prior knowledge of seismic anisotropy is assumed, and considerable effort is spent to introduce wave propagation and medium parameterizations useful for surface seismic applications in the presence of anisotropy. The first anisotropic model discussed is transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry (VTI media), typically used to describe shale sequences. Then the study of VTI reflection coefficients is extended to transverse isotropy with a horizontal axis of symmetry (HTI) - the symmetry system that describes a system of parallel vertical cracks. Analysis of the "Shuey-type" approximate HTI P-wave reflection coefficient makes it possible to devise fracture-detection algorithms based on the inversion of azimuthal differences of the P-wave AVO gradient. The monograph also presents analysis of shear- and converted-wave reflection coefficients for HTI and orthorhombic models, discusses practical aspects of applying the azimuthal AVO analysis, and mentions promising recent results.
Writers know only too well how long it can take—and how awkward it can be—to describe spatial relationships with words alone. And while a map might not always be worth a thousand words, a good one can help writers communicate an argument or explanation clearly, succinctly, and effectively. In his acclaimed How to Lie with Maps, Mark Monmonier showed how maps can distort facts. In Mapping it Out: Expository Cartography for the Humanities and Social Sciences, he shows authors and scholars how they can use expository cartography—the visual, two-dimensional organization of information—to heighten the impact of their books and articles. This concise, practical book is an introduction to the fundamental principles of graphic logic and design, from the basics of scale to the complex mapping of movement or change. Monmonier helps writers and researchers decide when maps are most useful and what formats work best in a wide range of subject areas, from literary criticism to sociology. He demonstrates, for example, various techniques for representing changes and patterns; different typefaces and how they can either clarify or confuse information; and the effectiveness of less traditional map forms, such as visibility base maps, frame-rectangle symbols, and complementary scatterplot designs for conveying complex spatial relationships. There is also a wealth of practical information on map compilation, cartobibliographies, copyright and permissions, facsimile reproduction, and the evaluation of source materials. Appendixes discuss the benefits and limitations of electronic graphics and pen-and-ink drafting, and how to work with a cartographic illustrator. Clearly written, and filled with real-world examples, Mapping it Out demystifies mapmaking for anyone writing in the humanities and social sciences. "A useful guide to a subject most people probably take too much for granted. It shows how map makers translate abstract data into eye-catching cartograms, as they are called. It combats cartographic illiteracy. It fights cartophobia. It may even teach you to find your way."—Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, The New York Times
The goals of the Symposium were to draw together researchers in turbulence and combustion so as to highlight advances and challenge the boundaries to our understanding of turbulent mixing and combus tion from both experimental and simulation perspectives; to facilitate cross-fertilization between leaders in these two fields. These goals were noted to be important given that turbulence itself is viewed as the last great problem in classical physics and the addition of chemical reaction amplifies the difficulties enormously. The papers that have been included here reflect the richness of our subject. Turbulence is rich and complex in its own right. And, its inner structure, hidden in the morass of scales, large and small, can dominate transport. Earlier IUTAM Symposia have considered this field, Eddy Structure Identification in Free Turbulent Flows, Bonnet and Glauser (eds) 1992 and Simulation and Identification of Organized Structures in Flows, Sorensen, Hopfinger and Aubry (eds) 1997. The combustion community is well served by its specialized events, most notable is the bi annual International Combustion Symposium, held under the auspices of the Combustion Institute. Mixing is often considered somewhere in between these two. This broad landscape was addressed in this Sym posium in a somewhat temporal linear fashion of increasing complexity. The lectures considered the many challenges posed by adding one ele ment to the base formed by others: turbulence and turbulent mixing in the absence of combustion through to turbulent mixing dominated by chemistry and combustion.
Magnetic nanoparticles appear naturally in rock magnetism together with a large distribution of sizes and shapes. They have numerous applications from nano-size magnetic memories to metamaterials for electromagnetic waves as well as biological applications such as nanosurgery with minimal traumatism. Their long-ranged size- and shape-dependent dipolar interactions provide numerous useful properties. This book describes the preparation as well as the magnetic properties of nanoparticles and also considers 2D dots, nearly spherical samples, elongated samples, and various assemblies of nanoparticles. The authors report the static magnetic structures and dynamic properties of these nanoparticles and the topological defects in 2D and 3D nanoparticles with new examples of S-shaped vortex or antivortex and of bent vortex or antivortex in 3D nanoparticles. The spectrum of magnetic excitations is shown to exhibit the occurrence of gaps, a key for magnonic metamaterial devices. Magnetic excited states are also considered with their coupling to nanoparticle elastic properties.
This volume represents the latest advances in the field of theoretical and computational acoustics. The coverage includes results in the areas of underwater acoustics, seismics, scattering, inversion, genetic algorithms, reverberation, IFEM, Radon transforms, wavelet statistics, PE modeling, and Gaussian beams.
