Arithmetic and Logic in Computer Systems provides a useful guide to a fundamental subject of computer science and engineering. Algorithms for performing operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in digital computer systems are presented, with the goal of explaining the concepts behind the algorithms, rather than addressing any direct applications. Alternative methods are examined, and explanations are supplied of the fundamental materials and reasoning behind theories and examples. No other current books deal with this subject, and the author is a leading authority in the field of computer arithmetic. The text introduces the Conventional Radix Number System and the Signed-Digit Number System, as well as Residue Number System and Logarithmic Number System. This book serves as an essential, up-to-date guide for students of electrical engineering and computer and mathematical sciences, as well as practicing engineers and computer scientists involved in the design, application, and development of computer arithmetic units.
This title gives students an integrated and rigorous picture of applied computer science, as it comes to play in the construction of a simple yet powerful computer system.
This book covers elementary discrete mathematics for computer science and engineering. It emphasizes mathematical definitions and proofs as well as applicable methods. Topics include formal logic notation, proof methods; induction, well-ordering; sets, relations; elementary graph theory; integer congruences; asymptotic notation and growth of functions; permutations and combinations, counting principles; discrete probability. Further selected topics may also be covered, such as recursive definition and structural induction; state machines and invariants; recurrences; generating functions.
Incorporate embedded computing technology in projects and devices of all sizesThis comprehensive engineering textbook lays out foundational computer architecture principles and teaches, step by step, how to apply those concepts in cutting-edge embedded applications. The book includes everything you need to know about embedded computing—from fundamentals and processor internals to networking and connectivity.Computer Systems: An Embedded Approach begins by thoroughly explaining constituent hardware components, including processors, storage devices, and accelerators. From there, the book shows how operating systems work and how they provide a layer of services between hardware and software. You will get coverage of foundational networking, pervasive computing concepts, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The book concludes with a look to the future of embedded computing systems.•This single resource takes readers right up to being ready to learn programming•Covers code aspects from the IEEE, POSIX, and OSI models •Written by a recognized academic and experienced author
This book explains how the binary works and how it is used by computers to represent information including positive and negative integers, characters and real numbers. It explains the logical and bitwise operations used to manipulate information and perform arithmetic. We also briefly look at how computers store this information in memory and secondary storage, and how it can be transmitted between computers. Topics covered include: INTRODUCING NUMBER BASES AND BINARY CONVERTING FROM BINARY TO DENARY AND VICE-VERSA How to Convert a Binary Number to Denary How to Convert a Denary Number to Binary HOW COMPUTERS GROUP BINARY DIGITS A Closer Look at Bytes A Closer Look at Words * Word alignment, word alignment and packing, byte ordering and endianness Addresses BOOLEAN OPERATIONS AND LOGIC GATES Fundamentals of Boolean Algebra * NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, NXOR Combining Logic Gates * NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NOR using NAND logic Logical Versus Bitwise Operations Using Bitwise Operations to Set, Clear, Flip or Test Bits * Setting bits, inverting bits, clearing bits, testing bits ADDING AND SUBTRACTING IN BINARY Adding Binary Integers * The column addition method of adding denary numbers and adding binary numbers, implementing binary addition using logic gates Subtracting Binary Integers * The column subtraction methods of subtracting denary numbers and subtracting binary numbers, implementing binary subtraction using logic gates SHIFT OPERATIONS Left Shift Right Shift Circular Shifts MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION IN BINARY Multiplication * Multiplying by a power of 2, column multiplication, Russian peasant multiplication algorithm, multiplication in hardware Division * Dividing by a power of 2, denary long division, binary long division, algorithm for binary long division, division in hardware REPRESENTING CHARACTERS AND STRINGS OF CHARACTERS Representing Individual Characters * ASCII, extended ASCIIs, BCDIC and other early character encodings, EBCDIC, Unicode Representing Strings of Characters * Terminated strings, length-prefixed strings, other string representations REPRESENTING TEXT AND GRAPHICS ON SCREEN Text Mode Displays Bitmap Displays PARITY CHECKING What is a Parity Bit Even and Odd Parity Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations of Using Parity Checking Parity's Use in RAID Storage Devices Unused Parity Bits SIGNED INTEGERS Offset Binary Signed Magnitude Representation One's Complement Two's Complement Other Representations of Signed Numbers * Base -2, signed-digit representation REAL NUMBERS Fixed Point Representation Floating Point Representation Rational Data Type Logarithmic Number Systems DENARY ENCODINGS AND DECIMAL DATA TYPES Why Use Denary Representations of Real Numbers? Binary Encodings of Denary * Serial decimal, two-out-of-five, bi-quinary, character-based encodings of denary, binary-Coded Decimal (BCD), Chen-Ho Encoding, Densely Packed Decimal (DPD) and excess-3 Decimal Data Types * Which numbers can be exactly represented in fixed and floating point? * How inexact? * Issues with inexact representation * Decimal representation DATA STRUCTURES Structs Arrays Linked Lists and More Complex Structures * Limitations of arrays, introducing linked lists, singly and doubly linked lists, more complex data structures TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY Magnetic-Core Memory and Core Rope Memory RAM * DRAM and SRAM ROM * Mask-programmed ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory SECONDARY STORAGE Sequential Storage * Punched tape, magnetic tape Random Access Storage * Magnetic disk, optical disk, solid state drives, flash memory and cloud Storage MEASURING MEMORY AND STORAGE DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Serial Communication Parallel Communication MEASURING TRANSFER RATES Baud
This modern introduction to the foundations of logic and mathematics not only takes theory into account, but also treats in some detail applications that have a substantial impact on everyday life (loans and mortgages, bar codes, public-key cryptography). A first college-level introduction to logic, proofs, sets, number theory, and graph theory, and an excellent self-study reference and resource for instructors.
The Encyclopedia of Computer Science is the definitive reference in computer science and technology. First published in 1976, it is still the only single volume to cover every major aspect of the field. Now in its Fourth Edition, this influential work provides an historical timeline highlighting the key breakthroughs in computer science and technology, as well as clear and concise explanations of the latest technology and its practical applications. Its unique blend of historical perspective, current knowledge and predicted future trends has earned it its richly deserved reputation as an unrivalled reference classic. What sets the Encyclopedia apart from other reference sources is the comprehensiveness of each of its entries. Encompassing far more than mere definitions, each article elaborates on a topic giving a remarkable breadth and depth of coverage. The visual impact of the volume is enhanced with a 16 page colour insert spotlighting advanced computer applications and computer-generated graphics technology. In addition, the text is enlivened with figures, tables, diagrams, illustrations and photographs. With contributions from over 300 international experts, the 4th Edition contains over 100 completely new articles ranging from artificial life to computer ethics, data mining to Java, mobile computing to quantum computing and software safety to the World Wide Web. In addition, each of the more than 600 articles have been extensively revised, expanded and updated to reflect the latest developments in computer science and technology. Intelligently and thoughtfully organised, all the articles are classified around 9 main themes Hardware Software Computer Systems Information and Data Mathematics of Computing Theory of Computation Methodologies Applications Computing Milieux Within each of these major headings are a wealth of articles that provide the reader with concise yet thorough coverage of the topic. In addition, cross-references are included at the beginning of each article, directing the reader immediately to related material. In addition the Encyclopedia contains useful appendices including: An expanded glossary of major terms in English, German, Spanish and Russian A revised list of abbreviations and acronyms An updated list of computer science and engineering research journals A list of articles from previous editions not included in the 4th edition A Name Index listing almost 3500 individuals cited in the text A comprehensive General Index with 7000 entries A chronology of significant milestones Computer Society & Academic Computer Science Department Listings Numerical Tables, Mathematical Notation and Units of Measure Highly-regarded as an essential resource for computer professionals, engineers, mathematicians, students and scientists, the Encyclopedia of Computer Science is a must-have reference for every college, university, business and high-school library.
This introductory text on ‘digital logic and computer organization’ presents a logical treatment of all the fundamental concepts necessary to understand the organization and design of a computer. It is designed to cover the requirements of a first-course in computer organization for undergraduate Computer Science, Electronics, or MCA students. Beginning from first principles, the text guides students through to a stage where they are able to design and build a small computer with available IC chips. Starting with the foundation material on data representation, computer arithmetic and combinatorial and sequential circuit design, the text explains ALU design and includes a discussion on an ALU IC chip. It also discusses Algorithmic State Machine and its representation using a Hardware Description Language before shifting to computer organization. The evolutionary development of a small hypothetical computer is described illustrating hardware-software trade-off in computer organization. Its instruction set is designed giving reasons why each new instruction is introduced. This is followed by a description of the general features of a CPU, organization of main memory and I/O systems. The book concludes with a chapter describing the features of a real computer, namely the Intel Pentium. An appendix describes a number of laboratory experiments which can be put together by students, culminating in the design of a toy computer. Key Features • Self-contained presentation of digital logic and computer organization with minimal pre-requisites • Large number of examples provided throughout the book • Each chapter begins with learning goals and ends with a summary to aid self-study by students.
This book discusses reliability applications for power systems, renewable energy and smart grids and highlights trends in reliable communication, fault-tolerant systems, VLSI system design and embedded systems. Further, it includes chapters on software reliability and other computer engineering and software management-related disciplines, and also examines areas such as big data analytics and ubiquitous computing. Outlining novel, innovative concepts in applied areas of reliability in electrical, electronics and computer engineering disciplines, it is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners of reliability theory in circuit-based engineering domains.
