The book describes RHEED (reflection high-energy electron diffraction) used as a tool for crystal growth. New methods using RHEED to characterize surfaces and interfaces during crystal growth by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) are presented. Special emphasis is put on RHEED intensity oscillations, segregation phenomena, electron energy-loss spectroscopy and RHEED with rotating substrates.
This book aims to propagate the newest achievements of applied crystallography among crystallographers, solid state physicists and materials scientists. It presents application of structural studies to materials used in industrial practice rather than those associated with the crystal structure determination only.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: ? Materials Science Citation Index?? Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings? (ISTP? / ISI Proceedings)? Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)? CC Proceedings ? Engineering & Physical Sciences
This book develops the mathematics of differential geometry in a way more intelligible to physicists and other scientists interested in this field. This book is basically divided into 3 levels; level 0, the nearest to intuition and geometrical experience, is a short summary of the theory of curves and surfaces; level 1 repeats, comments and develops upon the traditional methods of tensor algebra analysis and level 2 is an introduction to the language of modern differential geometry. A final chapter (chapter IV) is devoted to fibre bundles and their applications to physics. Exercises are provided to amplify the text material.
This important book presents a collection of scientific papers on recent theoretical and practical advances in nanostructures, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies. Highlighting some of the latest developments and trends in the field, the volume presents the developments of advanced nanostructured materials and the respective tools to characterize and predict their properties and behavior.
This comprehensive handbook and ready reference details all the main achievements in the field of perovskite-based and related mixed-oxide materials. The authors discuss, in an unbiased manner, the potentials as well as the challenges related to their use, thus offering new perspectives for research and development on both an academic and industrial level. The first volume begins by summarizing the different synthesis routes from molten salts at high temperatures to colloidal crystal template methods, before going on to focus on the physical properties of the resulting materials and their related applications in the fields of electronics, energy harvesting, and storage as well as electromechanics and superconductivity. The second volume is dedicated to the catalytic applications of perovskites and related mixed oxides, including, but not limited to total oxidation of hydrocarbons, dry reforming of methane and denitrogenation. The concluding section deals with the development of chemical reactors and novel perovskite-based applications, such as fuel cells and high-performance ceramic membranes. Throughout, the contributions clearly point out the intimate links between structure, properties and applications of these materials, making this an invaluable tool for materials scientists and for catalytic and physical chemists.
Fundamental Physicochemical Properties of Germanene-related Materials: A Theoretical Perspective provides a comprehensive review of germanene-related materials to help users understand the essential properties of these compounds. The book covers various germanium complex states such as germanium oxides, germanium on Ag, germanium/silicon composites and germanium compounds. Diverse phenomena are clearly illustrated using the most outstanding candidates of the germanium/germanene-related material. Delicate simulations and analyses are thoroughly demonstrated under the first-principles method, being fully assisted by phenomenological models. Macroscopic phenomena in chemical systems, including their principles, practices and concepts of physics such as energy, structure, thermodynamics and quantum chemistry are fully covered. Germanium-based materials play critical roles in the basic and applied sciences, as clearly revealed in other group-IV and group-V condensed-matter systems. Their atomic configurations are suitable for creating the active chemical bonding among the identical and/or different nearest-neighboring atoms leading to diverse physical/chemical/material environments. - Provides a comprehensive review of germanene-related materials with a physicochemical and theoretical foundation that is useful for readers in understanding the essential properties of these compounds - Presents a unique theoretical framework under single and multi-hybridization theory - Contains significant combinations with phenomenological and experimental measurements - Focuses on the study of macroscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of their principles, practices and concepts of physics such as energy, structure, thermodynamics and quantum chemistry
Thin film technology is used in many applications such as microelectronics, optics, hard and corrosion resistant coatings and micromechanics, and thin films form a uniquely versatile material base for the development of novel technologies within these industries. Thin film growth provides an important and up-to-date review of the theory and deposition techniques used in the formation of thin films.Part one focuses on the theory of thin film growth, with chapters covering nucleation and growth processes in thin films, phase-field modelling of thin film growth and surface roughness evolution. Part two covers some of the techniques used for thin film growth, including oblique angle deposition, reactive magnetron sputtering and epitaxial growth of graphene films on single crystal metal surfaces. This section also includes chapters on the properties of thin films, covering topics such as substrate plasticity and buckling of thin films, polarity control, nanostructure growth dynamics and network behaviour in thin films.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Thin film growth is an essential reference for engineers in electronics, energy materials and mechanical engineering, as well as those with an academic research interest in the topic. - Provides an important and up-to-date review of the theory and deposition techniques used in the formation of thin films - Focusses on the theory and modelling of thin film growth, techniques and mechanisms used for thin film growth and properties of thin films - An essential reference for engineers in electronics, energy materials and mechanical engineering
The authors of this book, all with a background in condensed matter physics, have carried out advanced researches in recent years to study the optical and magneto-optical properties of many kinds of new functional materials, including metal-based metamaterials, narrow-to-wide-bandgap semiconductors, thin films, and magnetic and magneto-optical materials by using different types of optical methods and instruments. This book describes some of the more recent progresses and developments in the study of condensed matter optics in both theoretic and experimental fields. It will help readers, especially graduate students and scientists who are studying and working in the nano-photonic field, to understand more deeply the characteristics of light waves propagated in nano-structure-based materials with potential applications in the future.
