Customers use mental short cuts and they get into ruts when making product and brand choices. Brand Choice provides the tools that reveal customers' automatic thoughts and how such thoughts accurately forecast brand choice. Strategic thinking by customers includes their focusing attention and introspectively telling about how, when, where, and why they buy and use brands and products. For learning customers' strategic thinking, this book advocates in situ use of the long interview method.
This book examines issues and implications of digital and social media marketing for emerging markets. These markets necessitate substantial adaptations of developed theories and approaches employed in the Western world. The book investigates problems specific to emerging markets, while identifying new theoretical constructs and practical applications of digital marketing. It addresses topics such as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), demographic differences in digital marketing, mobile marketing, search engine advertising, among others. A radical increase in both temporal and geographical reach is empowering consumers to exert influence on brands, products, and services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and digital media are having a significant impact on the way people communicate and fulfil their socio-economic, emotional and material needs. These technologies are also being harnessed by businesses for various purposes including distribution and selling of goods, retailing of consumer services, customer relationship management, and influencing consumer behaviour by employing digital marketing practices. This book considers this, as it examines the practice and research related to digital and social media marketing.
Recently nominated one of five finalists selected for the 2005 Berry-AMA Book Prize for best book in marketing! "Tellis has done a remarkable job. He has brought together an amazingly diverse literature. Unlike some other sources that claim to be able to measure the effects of advertising, Tellis′s thoroughness and ability to understand and convey results of various experiments and statistical analyses helps the reader to separate the wheat from the chaff. Any student of advertising, whether new to the field or a seasoned veteran executive or researcher, should read this book." --Alan G. Sawyer, University of Florida Effective Advertising: How, When, and Why Advertising Works reviews and summarizes an extensive body of research on advertising effectiveness. In particular, it summarizes what we know today on when, how, and why advertising works. The primary focus of the book is on the instantaneous and carryover effects of advertising on consumer choice, sales, and market share. In addition, the book reviews research on the rich variety of ad appeals, and suggests which appeals work, and when, how, and why they work. The first comprehensive book on advertising effectiveness, Understanding Effective Advertising reviews over 50 years of research in the fields of advertising, marketing, consumer behavior, and psychology. It covers all aspects of advertising and its effect on sales, including sales elasticity, carryover effects, content effects, and effects of frequency. Author Gerard J. Tellis distills three decades of academic and professional experience into one volume that successfully dismisses many popular myths about advertising, such as: * Advertising has a powerful influence on consumers and often generates consumer need * The effects of advertising persist for decades * If an ad fails initially, repetition will ensure its ultimate success * Ads need only one to three exposures to succeed * Advertising by argument is the most effective method * The best ads are unique and original * Advertising is very profitable Tellis then provides alternatives and establishes the following truths about advertising: * Advertising is vitally important for free markets, but its action is subtle and its discovery is fragile * The effects of advertising are short-lived * If ads are not initially effective, repetition will not make them more effective * Scientific principles can show which ads work, though firms often ignore advertising research and persist with ineffective ads * Advertising by emotion may have the most effective appeal * Templates can yield very effective ads * Advertising is often unprofitable Effective Advertising will be an important addition to courses at the graduate or undergraduate level in advertising, marketing, communication, and journalism. It will also be an invaluable reference for professionals and researchers working in these fields.
Theoretical research on advertising effects at the individual level has focused almost entirely on the effects of advertising exposure on attitudes and the mediators of attitude formation and change. This focus implicitly assumes attitudes are a good predictor of behavior, which they generally are not, and downplays the role of memory, in that, there is generally a considerable amount of time between advertising exposure and purchase decisions in most marketing situations. Recently, a number of researchers have developed conceptual models which provide an explicit link between two separate events -- advertising exposure and purchase behavior -- with memory providing the link between these events. Originally presented at the eighth annual Advertising and Consumer Psychology Conference held in Toronto, some chapters in this volume present recent research on the role of inferences in advertising situations, the effects of exposure to multiple advertisements, message receptivity, drama advertisements and the use of EEG in measuring advertising effectiveness. Contributions focus on research examining the effects of advertising exposure on consumer information processing and decision making. This book will be of interest to consumer psychologists and professionals in advertising and marketing.
This book is about marketing models and the process of model building. Our primary focus is on models that can be used by managers to support marketing decisions. It has long been known that simple models usually outperform judgments in predicting outcomes in a wide variety of contexts. For example, models of judgments tend to provide better forecasts of the outcomes than the judgments themselves (because the model eliminates the noise in judgments). And since judgments never fully reflect the complexities of the many forces that influence outcomes, it is easy to see why models of actual outcomes should be very attractive to (marketing) decision makers. Thus, appropriately constructed models can provide insights about structural relations between marketing variables. Since models explicate the relations, both the process of model building and the model that ultimately results can improve the quality of marketing decisions. Managers often use rules of thumb for decisions. For example, a brand manager will have defined a specific set of alternative brands as the competitive set within a product category. Usually this set is based on perceived similarities in brand characteristics, advertising messages, etc. If a new marketing initiative occurs for one of the other brands, the brand manager will have a strong inclination to react. The reaction is partly based on the manager's desire to maintain some competitive parity in the mar keting variables.
Regulation stipulates that social media Influencers on Instagram need to disclose sponsorship information when a relationship exists between the brand and the influencer. While influencers may simply use the Instagram disclosure label “Paid partnership with brand X”, others add additional messages or hashtags which express that the opinions voiced in Instagram posts are honest. This study examines how emphasizing “honest opinions” in sponsored and not sponsored Instagram posts affects consumers’ responses. Second, it explores if the influencers endorsing multiple products moderates the relationship between impartiality disclosure and credibility or ad perception. The results found that compared to the no disclosure condition, “This is not a sponsored post” diminishes consumers’ purchase intention. Further, it can support that perceived source credibility relates positively to purchase intention and that the use of “#honestopinion” diminishes advertising perception. A central finding is the existence of an indirect positive mediation effect of the impartiality disclosure “#honestopinion”, advertising disclosure and trustworthiness on purchase intention. Lastly, this study can support that a consumer’s attachment to an influencer has a positive impact on that consumer’s purchase intention.
