Aerosol Atmospheric Rivers
Author: Manish Kumar Goyal
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published:
Total Pages: 108
ISBN-13: 3031667581
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Atmospheric Rivers
Author: F. Martin Ralph
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2020-07-10
Total Pages: 284
ISBN-13: 3030289060
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
What Makes an Atmospheric River Dusty?
Author: Kara Voss
Publisher:
Published: 2020
Total Pages: 142
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKTrans-Pacific dust is thought to increase precipitation from atmospheric rivers (ARs) by enhancing ice formation in mixed-phase clouds. However, constraints on measurements of dust have limited our understanding of the magnitude of this effect. In this dissertation, we utilize satellite-retrievals, ground-based observations, and reanalysis to: 1. Develop global, daily, observation-based datasets of dust aerosol optical depth extending from 2001 through 2018, 2. Develop a dust score to characterize the dust-content of the environment surrounding ARs that made landfall along the U.S. west coast between 2001 and 2018 and characterize the year-to-year variability of the dust content of the surroundings of ARs, and 3. Analyze the meteorological conditions associated with the presence of dust in the vicinity of ARs. We show that dusty ARs occur primarily in March, at the confluence of the end of the AR season and the beginning of the trans-Pacific dust season. We show that dust is preferentially found within the warm sector of the extra-tropical cyclones associated with ARs making landfall along the U.S. but dust is also enhanced in the cold sector. Our results suggest that the year-to-year variability in the dust score is primarily the result of variability of the dust content of the eastern North Pacific and correlated variability of the frequency of ARs and the dust content of surrounding area. Finally, we investigate the meteorological conditions that lead to the presence of dust in the vicinity of an AR by analyzing the conditions over trans-Pacific dust source regions and over the North Pacific in the days prior to an AR. Dusty ARs are associated with enhanced upper- and mid-level westerly winds over Asia, an extended North Pacific Jet, and eastward migrating extra-tropical cyclones. In contrast, pristine ARs are associated with a persistent ridge over the North Pacific. The research presented here addresses gaps in our understanding of how often and why dust is present in the vicinity of an AR, a critical step in constraining the influence of dust on precipitation from ARs.
Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation
Author: Zev Levin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2008-09-30
Total Pages: 399
ISBN-13: 1402086903
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLife on Earth is critically dependent upon the continuous cycling of water between oceans, continents and the atmosphere. Precipitation (including rain, snow, and hail) is the primary mechanism for transporting water from the atmosphere back to the Earth’s surface. It is also the key physical process that links aspects of climate, weather, and the global hydrological cycle. Changes in precipitation regimes and the frequency of extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, severe ice/snow storms, monsoon fluctuations and hurricanes are of great potential importance to life on the planet. One of the factors that could contribute to precipitation modification is aerosol pollution from various sources such as urban air pollution and biomass burning. Natural and anthropogenic changes in atmospheric aerosols might have important implications for precipitation by influencing the hydrological cycle, which in turn could feed back to climate changes. From an Earth Science perspective, a key question is how changes expected in climate will translate into changes in the hydrological cycle, and what trends may be expected in the future. We require a much better understanding and hence predictive capability of the moisture and energy storages and exchanges among the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, continents and biological systems. This book is a review of our knowledge of the relationship between aerosols and precipitation reaching the Earth's surface and it includes a list of recommendations that could help to advance our knowledge in this area.
ARM Cloud-Aerosol-Precipitation Experiment (ACAPEX) Field Campaign Report
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2016
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility's ARM Cloud-Aerosol-Precipitation Experiment (ACAPEX) field campaign contributes to CalWater 2015, a multi-agency field campaign that aims to improve understanding of atmospheric rivers and aerosol sources and transport that influence cloud and precipitation processes. The ultimate goal is to reduce uncertainties in weather predictions and climate projections of droughts and floods in California. With the DOE G-1 aircraft and ARM Mobile Facility 2 (AMF2) well equipped for making aerosol and cloud measurements, ACAPEX focuses specifically on understanding how aerosols from local pollution and long-range transport affect the amount and phase of precipitation associated with atmospheric rivers. ACAPEX took place between January 12, 2015 and March 8, 2015 as part of CalWater 2015, which included four aircraft (DOE G-1, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] G-IV and P-3, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA] ER-2), the NOAA research ship Ron Brown, carrying onboard the AMF2, National Science Foundation (NSF)-sponsored aerosol and precipitation measurements at Bodega Bay, and the California Department of Water Resources extreme precipitation network.
Atmospheric Rivers Coming to a Cloud Near You
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2014
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLearn about the ARM Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (ACAPEX) field campaign in this short video. Ruby Leung, PNNL's lead scientist on this campaign's observational strategy to monitor precipitation.
ARM Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (ACAPEX) Science Plan
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2014
Total Pages: 65
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe western U.S. receives precipitation predominantly during the cold season when storms approach from the Pacific Ocean. The snowpack that accumulates during winter storms provides about 70-90% of water supply for the region. Understanding and modeling the fundamental processes that govern the large precipitation variability and extremes in the western U.S. is a critical test for the ability of climate models to predict the regional water cycle, including floods and droughts. Two elements of significant importance in predicting precipitation variability in the western U.S. are atmospheric rivers and aerosols. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow bands of enhanced water vapor associated with the warm sector of extratropical cyclones over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Because of the large lower-tropospheric water vapor content, strong atmospheric winds and neutral moist static stability, some ARs can produce heavy precipitation by orographic enhancement during landfall on the U.S. West Coast. While ARs are responsible for a large fraction of heavy precipitation in that region during winter, much of the rest of the orographic precipitation occurs in post-frontal clouds, which are typically quite shallow, with tops just high enough to pass the mountain barrier. Such clouds are inherently quite susceptible to aerosol effects on both warm rain and ice precipitation-forming processes.
Lower Atmosphere Meteorology
Author: Isidro A. Pérez
Publisher:
Published: 2022
Total Pages: 226
ISBN-13: 9783036529615
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Atmosphere Special Issue “Lower Atmosphere Meteorology” deals with the meteorological processes that occur in the layer of the atmosphere close to the surface. The interaction between the biosphere and the atmosphere is made through the lower layer and can greatly influence living beings and materials. The analysis of the meteorological parameters provides a better understanding of processes within the lower atmosphere and involved in air pollution, climate, and weather. The mixed layer height, the wind speed, and the air parcel trajectory have a relevant interest due to their marked impact on population and energy production. The research also comprises aerosols, clouds, and precipitation, analysing their spatiotemporal variations. This issue addresses features of gases in the atmosphere and anthropogenic greenhouse emission estimates, which are also conditioned by the lower atmosphere meteorology.
Atmospheric River Contributions to Extra-Tropical Poleward Moisture Transports and Atmospheric Water Cycle
Author: Deanna Leigh Nash
Publisher:
Published: 2017
Total Pages: 64
ISBN-13: 9781369844832
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAtmospheric Rivers (ARs) are narrow, long, water vapor rich corridors of the atmosphere that are responsible for over 90% of the poleward moisture transport across mid-latitudes and into high latitudes. This suggests a crucial role for ARs in establishing the extra-tropical atmospheric water budget. However, there are still questions regarding the contribution of ARs to the extra-tropical atmospheric water budget, including impacts on water vapor transport and storage, and precipitation. This study quantifies the relationships between atmospheric integrated vapor transport (IVT), including the specific contribution from ARs, to the extratropical atmospheric water budget using the combination of multiple data sources. These sources include integrated water vapor (IWV), IVT, precipitation and evaporation derived from the MERRA2 reanalysis, the global atmospheric river catalog based on MERRA2 IVT (Guan and Waliser 2015), as well as additional precipitation products from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project version 2.3. The study period is from 1997 to 2014, the overlapping period of the various data sources. Results show that poleward water vapor transport of ARs is strongly related to changes in water vapor storage, precipitation, and evaporation in higher latitudes in both poles, indicating the important role of the episodic, extreme moisture transports associated with ARs for extratropical water budget.
Transport of Atmospheric Aerosols Above the Sierra Nevada Slopes
Author: Leonard O. Myrup
Publisher:
Published: 1989
Total Pages: 330
ISBN-13:
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