Employment Protection Deregulation and Labor Shares in Advanced Economies
Employment Protection Deregulation and Labor Shares in Advanced Economies

Author: Gabriele Ciminelli

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2018-08-16

Total Pages: 72

ISBN-13: 1484373723

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Labor market deregulation, intended to boost productivity and employment, is one plausible, yet little studied, driver of the decline in labor shares that took place across most advanced economies since the early 1990s. This paper assesses the impact of job protection deregulation in a sample of 26 advanced economies over the period 1970-2015, using a newly constructed dataset of major reforms to employment protection legislation for regular contracts. We apply the local projection method to estimate the dynamic response of the labor share to our reform events at both the country and the country-industry levels. For the latter, we employ a differences-in-differences identification strategy using two identifying assumptions grounded in theory—namely that job protection deregulation should have larger negative effects in industries characterized by (i) a higher “natural” propensity to adjust the workforce, and (ii) a lower elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. We find a statistically significant, economically large and robust negative effect of deregulation on the labor share. In particular, illustrative back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that job protection deregulation may have contributed about 15 percent to the average labor share decline in advanced economies. Together with existing evidence regarding the macroeconomic gains from job protection and other labor market reforms, our results also point to the need for policymakers to address efficiency-equity trade-offs when designing such reforms.

Advanced Case Law Methods: A Practical Course
Advanced Case Law Methods: A Practical Course

Author: Richard Cappalli

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2021-10-01

Total Pages: 546

ISBN-13: 9004479716

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This book, by the author of The American Common Law Method, is an excellent source of continuing judicial education for judges at all levels as well as an accessible teaching tool for the classroom. An opening section explains the basic principles of common law methods for creating and applying case law. Advanced Case Law Method then examines the methods used by appellate courts in four states to create case lines on distinct topics. After each case in each line, the author poses several questions concerning the court's performance as a creator and user of case law. For instance, one chapter traces the "at will" employment doctrine as developed by the New York Court of Appeals and subsequent efforts to create public policy exceptions to the rule. Another looks at the struggle of the appellate courts of Pennsylvania to limit the "intentional infliction of emotional distress" tort doctrine. The New Hampshire group of cases goes back to the mid-18th century and examines railroad liability issues, culminating in the 21st century with duties imposed on internet information providers when the buyer of information causes harm to the seller. The Texas cases treat the "spoliation" doctrine which penalizes a party responsible for causing key evidence to disappear. Following the questions raised by the examined cases, Advanced Case Law Methods includes the suggested responses. The text is then supplemented by a section intended to make the questions and suggested responses a springboard for discussion at seminars, conferences and even classrooms. Judges, therefore, won't have to worry about "doing homework" and getting wrong answers. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.