Access to Algebra I, Gateway to Success: The Impact of Eighth-Grade Algebra I.

Access to Algebra I, Gateway to Success: The Impact of Eighth-Grade Algebra I.

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Published: 2002

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ISBN-13:

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An understanding of Algebra I and the role that this foundational course plays as an entry to the college preparatory pathway in secondary education and its influence on mathematical achievement is an integral component for the education of American youth in the global world of science and technology. Achievements in high school curricula are cumulative; each course completed determines which paths will be open to the student and which postsecondary education options will be available. In todayâs world, these options are necessary for the competitive world market. Algebra I is the prerequisite course for subsequent high school math pathways. Students exposed to higher level math and science pathways in high school score higher on college entrance exams such as the American College Test (ACT), and they are more likely to be successful in college due to greater competence in math (Conley, 2006). This research examined the effect of early Algebra I exposure in the 8th grade on students in 2 city school systems in Northeast Tennessee. More specifically, this study explored the correlation between Algebra I completion in the 8th grade and subsequent student achievement. The number of math classes attempted by high school seniors and ACT achievement scores, suggested that early exposure to algebra yields more math class participation and higher levels of mathematic achievement. This study found that students who successfully completed Algebra I in the 8th grade were able to earn more higher level high school math course credits than students who did not successfully complete Algebra I in grade 8. Successful completion of Algebra I in middle school allowed students to enroll in more varied and higher level math courses throughout their high school career.


Broadening Access to Algebra I

Broadening Access to Algebra I

Author: Jessica Heppen

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13:

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Online courses are increasingly seen as a viable way to expand the number and types of courses offered and broadening access to key courses, particularly in small and rural schools. Algebra I in middle school exemplifies an important course that educators and policymakers want to be more available to students. To study the effectiveness of using an online course to broaden eighth graders' access to Algebra I, the American Institutes for Research (AIR) and the Education Development Center, Inc. (EDC) performed the first rigorous evaluation of the impact of an online course on student outcomes. This three-year study examined the effects of offering a fully online Algebra I course to eighth-grade students in mostly rural schools in Maine and Vermont. The study found that offering Algebra I as an online course is an effective way to broaden access for students in schools where access to the course is typically limited. This brief describes the study's purpose, methods, findings, and implications. (Contains 6 figures, 1 table, 1 footnote and 7 endnotes.) [This is a brief summarizing "Access to Algebra I: Online Mathematics for Grade 8 Students," a study conducted by the American Institutes for Research and Education Development Center. To access the full report, see ED527394.].


The Algebra Solution to Mathematics Reform

The Algebra Solution to Mathematics Reform

Author: Frances R. Spielhagen

Publisher: Teachers College Press

Published: 2015-04-24

Total Pages: 113

ISBN-13: 0807771821

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How can we increase mathematics achievement among all students? This book provides a straightforward explanation of how changing mathematics tracking policies to provide algebra instruction to all students by at least eighth grade can bring about changes in both student achievement and teacher performance. Spielhagen chronicles the success of a large school district that changed the way mathematics was delivered and increased success rates across all populations. Featuring interviews with students and teachers, the author shows how all stakeholders were brought into the process of changing policy from the ground up. Offering a model for success that can be replicated by other districts, this resource: Provides a comprehensive account of how mathematics policy that evolved in the United States over the last century has resulted in low math literacy among our population.Addresses the recommendations and counterpoints to the report of the National Mathematics Panel (2009).Includes real-life examples of how stakeholders responded to the policy change that revolutionized mathematics instruction in their district. Frances R. Spielhagen is associate professor of education and director of the Center for Adolescent Research and Development at Mount Saint Mary College, Newburgh, New York. “Offers an ‘elegant solution’ to a compelling problem in American society that has global implications: Who should study algebra and when? The best-practices approach should be required reading for pre-service and in-service educators and administrators alike. Readers will recognize that preparing students to learn algebra by 8th grade is as much a right as learning to read. It is a right upon which our future depends.” —Susan G. Assouline, Professor of School Psychology, Associate Director, The Connie Belin & Jacqueline N. Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development, The University of Iowa “Frances Spielhagen’s book offers a thoughtful and detailed response to one of the most important questions of our time—should all students take algebra in 8th grade? With impressive and thorough research, the author considers issues of teaching and learning, as well as curriculum and policy. For all those who care about the mathematical future of our nation’s children, this book is a must read.” —Jo Boaler, Professor of Mathematics Education, Stanford University, The School of Education “In The Algebra Solution to Mathematics Reform, Frances R. Spielhagen shows vividly and precisely how a public school system teaches children to master mathematics skills early—culminating in 8th grade algebra, a critical subject for high school graduation and college admission. Spielhagen’s book precisely demonstrates how to improve real sequential learning for students from the early grades to high school graduation, and successfully into college and life. Thus, this vital book has implications for instruction in all academic subjects, providing a living model for continuity and improvement of student learning.” —Bruce S. Cooper, Professor, Graduate School of Education, Fordham University


The Impact of Universally Accelerating Eighth Grade Mathematics Students in Heterogeneously Grouped Classrooms

The Impact of Universally Accelerating Eighth Grade Mathematics Students in Heterogeneously Grouped Classrooms

Author: Patrick T. Walsh

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 118

ISBN-13:

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Traditionally, students are scheduled to take Algebra I in their first year of high school mathematics in New York State. However, in many schools, the "top" students in a cohort have access to this course in eighth grade, tracking these high-achieving students ahead of their lower-achieving peers. In response, some schools have adopted the policy of "Algebra for all" in eighth grade0́3called universal acceleration. A perceived benefit to the policy of universal acceleration is ensuring equal access to a challenging curriculum for all students, regardless of race, socioeconomic status, or prior achievement- mitigating one of the perceived limitations of ability tracking. A drawback of an "acceleration for all" policy is that weaker students may not be developmentally ready to take Algebra in 8th grade, while at the same time, stronger students' progress might be hindered. The purpose of this descriptive, quantitative study is to investigate how the implementation of acceleration for all has impacted the timing of when students take the Integrated Algebra Regents in one school district, the district's achievement on the Integrated Algebra Regents and whether the policy affects subgroups of students differentially. The results from the study will be significant to school leaders, as districts may wish to consider these policy changes to enhance learning opportunities for all students.


Linking Eighth- and Ninth-grade Algebra Success to Key Variables of Prior Mathematics Knowledge and Skills

Linking Eighth- and Ninth-grade Algebra Success to Key Variables of Prior Mathematics Knowledge and Skills

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Published: 2009

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Algebra has been considered a gateway course for college preparation, with students who take algebra in eighth grade considered likely to succeed in high school and go to college. However, among the 50% of California eighth-grade students who took algebra in 2007, only 38% scored proficient or above on the California Standards Test (CST). This study investigates the link between students' prior knowledge and eighth- and ninth-grade algebra success. The data were over 600,000 seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-grade students' test results on the CSTs administered in 2006 and 2007. Two cohorts were investigated: cohort 1 (grades 8-9) and cohort 2 (grades 7-8). If learning success is defined by scoring proficient or above on CSTs, test results from cohort 1 reveal that ninth-grade students have 22% more chance of succeeding in algebra if they passed the CST for General Mathematics in eighth grade compared to those who failed the CST for Algebra I. Further, to predict eighth-grade CST for Algebra I scores, three regression models were studied for cohort 2. Model 1 specifies a predictor variable of the CST for Grade Seven Mathematics score; model 2 specifies predictor variables of the CST for Grade Seven Mathematics' reporting cluster sub-scores; and model 3 specifies predictor variables of the CST for Grade Seven English-Language Arts score, the CST for Grade Seven Mathematics' reporting cluster sub-scores, and student demography. For the three models, these predictor variables contributed respectively 61%, 62%, and 64% of the variance of the CST for Algebra I scores. Also, the model 2 multiple regression analysis indicates that among the six reporting clusters of content knowledge and skills, rational numbers is a strong predictor, contributing 48% of the variance to the CST for Algebra I scores. A validation on model 3 shows 96% of the prediction at the same or within one performance level difference (+/- ) compared to the observed performance levels. A principal factor analysis (PFA) indicates that one factor underlies the six reporting clusters of the CST for Grade Seven Mathematics, suggesting that there is not enough empirical evidence to identify specific subsets of knowledge and skills as algebra readiness.


Meeting the Mandate for Eighth Grade Algebra

Meeting the Mandate for Eighth Grade Algebra

Author: Jeffery L. Schmitz

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 198

ISBN-13:

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The eighth grade algebra mandate has school leaders seeking a practical and equitable means of ensuring success in algebra for all students. One approach is to increase instructional time by providing an additional period of algebra support to students who may be unprepared for the rigor of Algebra I. This study applied a mixed-methods design to establish whether algebra support is a feasible means of providing Algebra I to an expanded population of eighth graders. Benchmark assessment results of 107 eighth grade Algebra I students were analyzed to determine whether algebra support increased student achievement in Algebra I. Results indicated a slight positive correlation between enrollment in an algebra support course and achievement in Algebra I, but effect sizes suggested the benefit of algebra support was insignificant. A teacher survey revealed endorsement of algebra support. However, teachers felt an even better means of meeting many students' needs would be the provision of an intermediate level eighth grade pre-algebra course.