A Practical Guide to Microstructural Analysis of Cementitious Materials
A Practical Guide to Microstructural Analysis of Cementitious Materials

Author: Karen Scrivener

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-10-09

Total Pages: 540

ISBN-13: 1498738672

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A Practical Guide from Top-Level Industry Scientists As advanced teaching and training in the development of cementitious materials increase, the need has emerged for an up-to-date practical guide to the field suitable for graduate students and junior and general practitioners. Get the Best Use of Different Techniques and Interpretations of the Results This edited volume provides the cement science community with a state-of-the-art overview of analytical techniques used in cement chemistry to study the hydration and microstructure of cements. Each chapter focuses on a specific technique, not only describing the basic principles behind the technique, but also providing essential, practical details on its application to the study of cement hydration. Each chapter sets out present best practice, and draws attention to the limitations and potential experimental pitfalls of the technique. Databases that supply examples and that support the analysis and interpretation of the experimental results strengthen a very valuable ready reference. Utilizing the day-to-day experience of practical experts in the field, this book: Covers sample preparation issues Discusses commonly used techniques for identifying and quantifying the phases making up cementitious materials (X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis) Presents good practice oncalorimetry and chemical shrinkage methods for studying cement hydration kinetics Examines two different applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (solid state NMR and proton relaxometry) Takes a look at electron microscopy, the preeminent microstructural characterization technique for cementitious materials Explains how to use and interpret mercury intrusion porosimetry Details techniques for powder characterization of cementitious materials Outlines the practical application of phase diagrams for hydrated cements Avoid common pitfalls by using A Practical Guide to Microstructural Analysis of Cementitious Materials. A one-of-a-kind reference providing the do’s and don’ts of cement chemistry, the book presents the latest research and development of characterisation techniques for cementitious materials, and serves as an invaluable resource for practicing professionals specializing in cement and concrete materials and other areas of cement and concrete technology.

Microstructural Study of Hardened Cement Paste by Backscatter Scanning Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis
Microstructural Study of Hardened Cement Paste by Backscatter Scanning Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis

Author: Yuting Wang

Publisher:

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The characterization of the microstructure of a material should include two aspects: the identification of the microstructural elements in the material, and the quantitative characterization of these microstructural elements. In this research. the microstructure of hardened cement paste (hcp) was studied using BEI on polished surfaces coupled with image analysis. The microstructural elements evaluated included (a) pores detectable at the magnifications used, (b) CH crystals, (c) residual unhydrated cement particles, (d) hydrated phenograins, consisting of both hydration shells and fully hydrated cement grains, (e) combined phenograins, i.e. (c) and (d) combined as they occur in individual features, and (f) the C-S-H in the groundmass. The quantitative analyses assayed include both area fraction measurement and geometrical measurement of individual features. The latter provides information on size., shape, size distribution and mutual arrangement of the these individual features. Various hcps were investigated to quantitatively elucidate the effects of w:c ratio, age, and the incorporation of superplasticizer and silica fume on hcp microstructure. It was found that quantitative image analysis of hcp can yield interesting. and sometimes unexpected insights into the microstructure of hcp. The incorporation of superplasticizer and the incorporation of both superplasticizer and silica fume showed very strong effects on the hcp microstructure. On the other hand silica fume alone did not show strong effects. In another portion of this research, the fractal dimension characteristic of the pore system of hcp was investigated using an image analysis technique. It was found that the detectable pore system in cement pastes shows two fractal regimes: a structural fractal dimension exhibited at low resolution (Ds = 1.08 ~ 1.15) and a textural fractal dimension exhibited at higher resolution (Dt = 1.22 ~ 1.49). Finally, using a stereoscopic SEM method, it was found that the fracture surface of cement pastes shows two distinct fractal regimes: a structural fractal regime at low magnifications descriptive of the gross structural irregularities, and a textural fractal at high magnifications descriptive of the textural details of the fracture surface. The structural fractal and the textural fractal seem to have universal values of 2.02 and 2.12 respectively.

Microstructure, Composition and Crystallography of Aalbrog Lion Brand Danish White Cement
Microstructure, Composition and Crystallography of Aalbrog Lion Brand Danish White Cement

Author: Fernando Maldonado

Publisher:

Published: 1997-09-01

Total Pages: 83

ISBN-13: 9781423564546

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The morphology and crystallography of fully hardened Aalbrog Lion Brand Danish White cement paste (water cement ratio 0.25) were examined using x- ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy and EDX. These experiments showed the hardened cement to be mostly comprised of equiaxed particles of 3CaO.SiO2 with diameter of the order of 10 microns and larger often surrounded by inner and outer regions of an amorphous gel-like matrix with an average composition of about 1.75CaO.SiO2.3H2O (C-S-H) in which the CaO/SiO2 ratio varied from about 0.3 to 5.74. The hydrated regions were also found to contain significant amounts of Ca(OH)2. Small amounts of ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4, SiO4,CO3)3 (OH)12.26H2O) were also detected. In addition, selected area electron diffraction of the C-S-H matrix revealed diffuse rings, indicating the presence of short range ordering. The morphology of C-S-H matrix was found to be comprised of small 'cells' of size approximately 5 nm which are no doubt responsible for the good mechanical properties of this particular hardened cement paste. These results were also found to be in excellent agreement with previous research on this topic.

Study on Microstructure and Rheological Properties of Cement-Chemical Admixtures-Water Dispersion System at Early Stage
Study on Microstructure and Rheological Properties of Cement-Chemical Admixtures-Water Dispersion System at Early Stage

Author: Yanrong Zhang

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-07-25

Total Pages: 271

ISBN-13: 9811045704

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This thesis studies the effects of superplasticizers, polyacrylate latexes and asphalt emulsions, which differ in molecular/particle size from nanometers to microns, on the rheological properties of fresh cement pastes (FCPs), as well as the action mechanisms involved. It systematically investigates the rheological properties and microstructure of cement-based materials, and elucidates the adsorption behaviors of polycarboxylate polymers with different functional groups and their effects on cement hydration. Moreover, it reveals how the working mechanism of naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde (NSF) differs from that of polycarboxylate ether-based (PCE) superplasticizers. Lastly, it develops a conceptual microstructure model and two rheological equations. These findings lend theoretical support to the development of new chemical admixtures and new, higher-performance, cement-based composites.

Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials
Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials

Author: Niki Kringos

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-05-26

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 9400768788

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The micro- and nano-modification of infrastructure materials and the associated multi-scale characterization and simulation has the potential to open up whole new uses and classes of materials, with wide-ranging implications for society. The use of multi-scale characterization and simulation brings the ability to target changes at the very small scale that predictably effect the bulk behavior of the material and thus allowing for the optimization of material behavior and performance. The International RILEM Symposium on Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials (Stockholm, June 10-12, 2013) brought together key researchers from around the world to present their findings and ongoing research in this field in a focused environment with extended discussion times. From asphalt to concrete, from chemistry to mechanics, from nano- to macro-scale: the collection of topics covered by the Symposium represents the width and depth of the currently ongoing efforts of developing more sustainable infrastructure materials. Researchers, practitioners, undergraduates and graduate students engaged in infrastructure materials or multi-scale characterization and modeling efforts can use this book as a comprehensive reference, to learn about the currently ongoing research efforts in this field or as an inspiration for new research ideas to enhance the long-term performance of infrastructure materials from a fundamental perspective. The Symposium was held under the auspices of the RILEM Technical Committee on Nanotechnology-Based Bituminous Materials 231-NBM and the Transport Research Board (TRB) Technical Committee on Characteristics of Asphalt Materials AFK20.

Investigation of Cement Pastes and Related Materials by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction
Investigation of Cement Pastes and Related Materials by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction

Author: Katharine Mather

Publisher:

Published: 1983

Total Pages: 57

ISBN-13:

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Five samples were examined after hydration by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and both before and after hydration by X-ray diffraction to establish microstructural and compositional data. The majority of the work was done on hydrated material. These samples consisted of three non-expansive cementitious and two expansive cementitious materials. The three non-expansive cementitious materials were an alite, a Type I portland cement, and a Type V portland cement. The two expansive cementitious materials were an ettringite-forming material and a Type K expansive cement.

Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete
Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete

Author: Peter Hewlett

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2019-03-06

Total Pages: 896

ISBN-13: 0081007957

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Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Fifth Edition, examines the suitability and durability of different types of cements and concretes, their manufacturing techniques and the role that aggregates and additives play in achieving concrete's full potential of delivering a high-quality, long-lasting, competitive and sustainable product. Provides a 60% revision over the fourth edition last published in 2004 Includes updated chapters that represent the latest technological advances in the industry, including, but not exclusive to the production of low-energy cements, cement admixtures and concrete aggregates Presents expanded coverage of the suitability and durability of materials aggregates and additives