A Short History of Oil Development in Venezuela
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1959
Total Pages: 12
ISBN-13:
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Author:
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Published: 1959
Total Pages: 12
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Miguel Tinker Salas
Publisher: Duke University Press
Published: 2009-05-11
Total Pages: 344
ISBN-13: 0822392232
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOil has played a major role in Venezuela’s economy since the first gusher was discovered along Lake Maracaibo in 1922. As Miguel Tinker Salas demonstrates, oil has also transformed the country’s social, cultural, and political landscapes. In The Enduring Legacy, Tinker Salas traces the history of the oil industry’s rise in Venezuela from the beginning of the twentieth century, paying particular attention to the experiences and perceptions of industry employees, both foreign and Venezuelan. He reveals how class ambitions and corporate interests combined to reshape many Venezuelans’ ideas of citizenship. Middle-class Venezuelans embraced the oil industry from the start, anticipating that it would transform the country by introducing modern technology, sparking economic development, and breaking the landed elites’ stranglehold. Eventually Venezuelan employees of the industry found that their benefits, including relatively high salaries, fueled loyalty to the oil companies. That loyalty sometimes trumped allegiance to the nation-state. North American and British petroleum companies, seeking to maintain their stakes in Venezuela, promoted the idea that their interests were synonymous with national development. They set up oil camps—residential communities to house their workers—that brought Venezuelan employees together with workers from the United States and Britain, and eventually with Chinese, West Indian, and Mexican migrants as well. Through the camps, the companies offered not just housing but also schooling, leisure activities, and acculturation into a structured, corporate way of life. Tinker Salas contends that these practices shaped the heart and soul of generations of Venezuelans whom the industry provided with access to a middle-class lifestyle. His interest in how oil suffused the consciousness of Venezuela is personal: Tinker Salas was born and raised in one of its oil camps.
Author: Federico Guillermo Baptista
Publisher:
Published: 1949
Total Pages: 46
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Edwin Lieuwen
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Published: 1955
Total Pages: 174
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Ral Gallegos
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Published: 2016-10-01
Total Pages: 254
ISBN-13: 1612347703
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"Crude Nation tells the story of how ruinous mismanagement has resulted in the economic implosion of Venezuela, the country with the largest oil reserves in the world"--
Author: Anibal R. Martinez
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2023-10-11
Total Pages: 195
ISBN-13: 1000966410
DOWNLOAD EBOOKChronology of Venezuelan Oil (1969) covers all aspects of the Venezuelan petroleum industry’s historical evolution: technical, legal, economic, social and political to create a reference source for scholars, teachers, executives, professionals and technicians, as well as students of the industry.
Author: Jorge Salazar-Carrillo
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Published: 2004-05-30
Total Pages: 296
ISBN-13: 0313059519
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book advances the theory that a potential leading export sector—in this case, the oil sector—is capable of inducing economic growth even in peripheral countries where the product line is primary in nature. In Venezuela the oil sector has contributed directly and indirectly to the development of the country's overall economy, particularly from 1936 to 1973, when that sector met the criteria of a leading sector, i.e., one that expands rapidly and obtains a large specific size relative to the economy as a whole. Oil investment in Venezuela contributed to the fiscal sector, the foreign sector, GDP, income, backward and forward linkages, the multiplier and accelerator effects, and the retained value of total expenditures. In spite of recent efforts to diversify the production and export mix, the Venezuelan economy continues to remain heavily dependent on oil production for export. During the midcentury decades of solid growth, it became evident that government oversight was needed to ensure that the numerous contributions flowing from the oil sector would be put to good use. Overall, it appears that the contributions were well utilized by the Venezuelan government, although there was plenty of room for improvement. Income distribution problems and other social inequities continued to beset the development process, leaving the economy rigid and inflexible. Consequently, when the oil sector faltered (1974 to 2000), Venezuela was unable to shift into other product lines. Political disarray soon followed, and with it a pervasive aura of economic uncertainty that persists to this day.
Author: Jonathan Di John
Publisher: Penn State Press
Published: 2015-12-21
Total Pages: 215
ISBN-13: 0271076909
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSince the discovery of abundant oil resources in the 1920s, Venezuela has had an economically privileged position among the nations of Latin America, which has led to its being treated by economic and political analysts as an exceptional case. In her well-known study of Venezuela’s political economy, The Paradox of Plenty (1997), Stanford political scientist Terry Karl argued that this oil wealth induced extraordinary corruption, rent-seeking, and centralized intervention that resulted in restricting productivity and growth. What this and other studies of Venezuela’s economy fail to explain, however, is how such conditions have accompanied both growth and stagnation at different periods of Venezuela’s history and why countries experiencing similar levels of corruption and rent-seeking produce divergent developmental outcomes. By investigating the record of economic development in Venezuela from 1920 to the present, Jonathan Di John shows that the key to explaining why the economy performed much better between 1920 and 1980 than in the post-1980 period is to understand how political strategies interacted with economic strategies—specifically, how politics determined state capacity at any given time and how the stage of development and development strategies affected the nature of political conflicts. In emphasizing the importance of an approach that looks at the political economy, not just at the economy alone, Di John advances the field methodologically while he contributes to a long-needed history of Venezuela’s economic performance in the twentieth century.
Author: B. S. McBeth
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2002-04-04
Total Pages: 296
ISBN-13: 9780521892186
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe book examines the relationship between Gómez's government and the oil companies.
Author: E. B. Brossard
Publisher:
Published: 1993
Total Pages: 260
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis study provides an analytical history of Venezuela's oil industry, its pioneering efforts in heavy oils and the production of orimulsion fuel. It is also a look into Venezuela's oil history.