A Satellite-Based Multi-Channel Approach to Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using the AMSU Passive Microwave Sensor
A Satellite-Based Multi-Channel Approach to Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using the AMSU Passive Microwave Sensor

Author: Brian W. Kabat

Publisher:

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 156

ISBN-13:

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In tropical cyclones, a strong inverse relationship exists between the magnitude of the upper-tropospheric warm anomaly (UTWA) and minimum sea level pressure (MSLP). Uniquely poised to capture this warming aloft, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) flown aboard current National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites is capable of observing Tropical Cyclones (TC's) worldwide. A physical/statistical MSLP estimation algorithm based on AMSU brightness temperature anomalies (dTbs) has been operating in an experimental mode at the University of Wisconsin Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (UW-CIMSS) for two years. The algorithm relies on a single AMSU channel (54.9 GHz) and shows great promise as a viable TC analysis tool. However, the radiances can be susceptible to environmental variability leading to sub-sampling and errors in MSLP. The goal of this research is to improve the existing single-channel algorithm by introducing an additional channel (55.5 GHz) that seeks to capture the true magnitude of the UTWA in instances when the single channel fails. By implementing the multi-channel approach, the goal is to create an operationally viable satellite-based guidance tool to help support tropical forecast and analysis centers worldwide.

Correcting for Precipitation Effects in Satellite-based Passive Microwave Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimates
Correcting for Precipitation Effects in Satellite-based Passive Microwave Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimates

Author: Robert S. Wacker

Publisher:

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13:

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Accurate tropical cyclone (TC) intensity estimates are best achieved from satellite observations. The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) has operated since 1998 on polar-orbiting environmental satellites and is able to measure the warm temperature anomaly in the upper troposphere above a TC's center. Through hydrostatic equilibrium, this warm anomaly is roughly proportional to the TC's sea-level pressure anomaly. Based on this principle, the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) provides near real-time AMSU-based estimates of TC minimum sea-level pressure (MSLP) to forecast centers worldwide. These estimates are as accurate as the benchmark Dvorak technique, but are subject to error caused by precipitation effects (primarily brightness temperature reduction by scattering) on the AMSU 55 GHz channels sensitive to upper-tropospheric temperature. Simulated AMSU brightness temperatures (TB's) are produced by a polarized reverse Monte Carlo radiative transfer model using representative TC precipitation profiles. Results suggest that precipitation depression of high-frequency window channel TB's is correlated with depression of sounding channel TB's and can be used to correct for scattering effects on the AMSU channels used in TC intensity estimates. Analysis of AMSU data over the tropical oceans confirms this, and forms the basis for an empirical scattering correction using AMSU 31 and 89 GHz TB's. This scattering correction reduces CIMSS TC MSLP algorithm RMS error by 10% in a 7-year, 497 observation sample.

Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation
Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation

Author: Tanvir Islam

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2017-10-18

Total Pages: 366

ISBN-13: 0128104384

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Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation compiles recent advances in aerosol, cloud, and precipitation remote sensing from new satellite observations. The book examines a wide range of measurements from microwave (both active and passive), visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. Contributors are experts conducting state-of-the-art research in atmospheric remote sensing using space, airborne, and ground-based datasets, focusing on supporting earth observation satellite missions for aerosol, cloud, and precipitation studies. A handy reference for scientists working in remote sensing, earth science, electromagnetics, climate physics, and space engineering. Valuable for operational forecasters, meteorologists, geospatial experts, modelers, and policymakers alike. - Presents new approaches in the field, along with further research opportunities, based on the latest satellite data - Focuses on how remote sensing systems can be designed/developed to solve outstanding problems in earth and atmospheric sciences - Edited by a dynamic team of editors with a mixture of highly skilled and qualified authors offering world-leading expertise in the field

Hurricane Risk
Hurricane Risk

Author: Jennifer M. Collins

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-02-15

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 3030024024

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This book details the outcomes of new research focusing on climate risk related to hurricanes. Topics include numerical simulation of tropical cyclones, through tropical cyclone hazard estimation to damage estimates and their implications for commercial risk. Inspired by the 6th International Summit on Hurricanes and Climate Change: From Hazard to Impact, this book brings together leading international academics and researchers, and provides a source reference for both risk managers and climate scientists for research on the interface between tropical cyclones, climate and risk.

Thriving on Our Changing Planet
Thriving on Our Changing Planet

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2019-01-20

Total Pages: 717

ISBN-13: 0309467578

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We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet presents prioritized science, applications, and observations, along with related strategic and programmatic guidance, to support the U.S. civil space Earth observation program over the coming decade.

The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space
The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space

Author: John P. Burrows

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-01-15

Total Pages: 576

ISBN-13: 3642147917

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The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.

Artificial Intelligence Methods in the Environmental Sciences
Artificial Intelligence Methods in the Environmental Sciences

Author: Sue Ellen Haupt

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-11-28

Total Pages: 418

ISBN-13: 1402091192

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How can environmental scientists and engineers use the increasing amount of available data to enhance our understanding of planet Earth, its systems and processes? This book describes various potential approaches based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, including neural networks, decision trees, genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic. Part I contains a series of tutorials describing the methods and the important considerations in applying them. In Part II, many practical examples illustrate the power of these techniques on actual environmental problems. International experts bring to life ways to apply AI to problems in the environmental sciences. While one culture entwines ideas with a thread, another links them with a red line. Thus, a “red thread“ ties the book together, weaving a tapestry that pictures the ‘natural’ data-driven AI methods in the light of the more traditional modeling techniques, and demonstrating the power of these data-based methods.