Trading with the Enemy
Trading with the Enemy

Author: John Shovlin

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 2021-06-08

Total Pages: 423

ISBN-13: 0300253567

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A ground-breaking account of British and French efforts to channel their eighteenth-century geopolitical rivalry into peaceful commercial competition Britain and France waged war eight times in the century following the Glorious Revolution, a mutual antagonism long regarded as a "Second Hundred Years' War." Yet officials on both sides also initiated ententes, free trade schemes, and colonial bargains intended to avert future conflict. What drove this quest for a more peaceful order? In this highly original account, John Shovlin reveals the extent to which Britain and France sought to divert their rivalry away from war and into commercial competition. The two powers worked to end future conflict over trade in Spanish America, the Caribbean, and India, and imagined forms of empire-building that would be more collaborative than competitive. They negotiated to cut cross-channel tariffs, recognizing that free trade could foster national power while muting enmity. This account shows that eighteenth-century capitalism drove not only repeated wars and overseas imperialism but spurred political leaders to strive for global stability.

Consuming Habits
Consuming Habits

Author: Jordan Goodman

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2005-07-26

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 1134876580

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This pioneering collection of original essays explores the rich analytical category of psycho- active substances from challenging historical and anthropological perspectives. Psychoactive substances have been central to the formation of civilizations and the growth of the world economy. Consuming Habits describes how and why: tea and coffee replaced beer on the breakfast tables of 18th century Europe in Islamic emirates at the turn of the century kola nuts formed part of tax payments, and were given as gifts by so-called `big men' In 1902 opera singers had their doctors prescribe them cocaine to aid singing the original version of `coca-cola' was described as a `brain tonic.' This pioneering collection of original essays explores the rich analytical category of psychoactive substances from challenging historical and anthropological perspectives.

In Pursuit of Civility
In Pursuit of Civility

Author: Keith Thomas

Publisher: Brandeis University Press

Published: 2018-06-05

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 1512602825

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Keith Thomas's earlier studies in the ethnography of early modern England, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Man and the Natural World, and The Ends of Life, were all attempts to explore beliefs, values, and social practices in the centuries from 1500 to 1800. In Pursuit of Civility continues this quest by examining what English people thought it meant to be "civilized" and how that condition differed from being "barbarous" or "savage." Thomas shows that the upper ranks of society sought to distinguish themselves from their social inferiors by distinctive ways of moving, speaking, and comporting themselves, and that the common people developed their own form of civility. The belief of the English in their superior civility shaped their relations with the Welsh, the Scots, and the Irish, and was fundamental to their dealings with the native peoples of North America, India, and Australia. Yet not everyone shared this belief in the superiority of Western civilization; the book sheds light on the origins of both anticolonialism and cultural relativism. Thomas has written an accessible history based on wide reading, abounding in fresh insights, and illustrated by many striking quotations and anecdotes from contemporary sources.