70 Years of Levothyroxine
70 Years of Levothyroxine

Author: George J. Kahaly

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-03-11

Total Pages: 141

ISBN-13: 3030632776

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This open access book presents the history, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levothyroxine, discussing its role in the thyroid pathophysiology of patients of various ages and during pregnancy. It also describes the influence of levothyroxine on heart, bone and in cancer. When it was first synthesized in 1949, levothyroxine represented a significant advance in the treatment of hypothyroidism, providing a safe and effective treatment option for millions of hypothyroid patients around the globe. This synthetic form of thyroxine is now one of the most prescribed drugs in the world. Levothyroxine was first introduced by Merck KGaA,Darmstadt, Germany, in 1972, and since then the company has remained actively engaged in research on this mainstay of hypothyroidism treatment. This book is intended for healthcare professionals.

Medicare Coverage of Routine Screening for Thyroid Dysfunction
Medicare Coverage of Routine Screening for Thyroid Dysfunction

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2003-09-01

Total Pages: 135

ISBN-13: 0309088852

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When the Medicare program was established in 1965, it was viewed as a form of financial protection for the elderly against catastrophic medical expenses, primarily those related to hospitalization for unexpected illnesses. The first expansions to the program increased the eligible population from the retired to the disabled and to persons receiving chronic renal dialysis. It was not until 1980 that an expansion of services beyond those required "for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body member" was included in Medicare. These services, known as preventive services, are intended either to prevent disease (by vaccination) or to detect disease (by diagnostic test) before the symptoms of illness appear. A Committee was formed "to conduct a study on the addition of coverage of routine thyroid screening using a thyroid stimulating hormone test as a preventive benefit provided to Medicare beneficiaries under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act for some or all Medicare beneficiaries."

Thyroid Disorders
Thyroid Disorders

Author: Syed Khalid Imam

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-03-22

Total Pages: 327

ISBN-13: 3319258710

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This book provides comprehensive knowledge about thyroid gland and highlights the recent trends in the management of thyroid dysfunctions. Thyroid disorders are amongst the most prevalent of medical conditions possibly after diabetes. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in adults in the general population ranges from 1 to 10 percent, and is even higher in selected groups. In the United Kingdom, 1–2% of the adult population is found to have thyroid dysfunction. It is interesting to note that thyroxin is the sixth most commonly dispensed drug in Scotland. Virtually all studies report higher prevalence rates for hypothyroidism in women and with advancing age. Abnormal thyroid functions have important public health consequences. Suppressed TSH levels have been associated with decreased bone density and with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and premature atrial beat. It has been known for decades that overt hypothyroidism contributes to elevated serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk and recent studies suggest this may also be true with subclinical hypothyroidism​.

Thyroid Mind Power
Thyroid Mind Power

Author: Richard Shames

Publisher: Rodale Books

Published: 2011-04-26

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 1609613872

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One in ten Americans has some degree of thyroid imbalance, and even mild imbalances can cause mental and emotional symptoms. Thyroid Mind Power pinpoints the connection between thyroid imbalance and conditions such as depression, anxiety, irritability, and more, offering hope for millions who are suffering from improper diagnosis and medication. The authors of the bestselling Thyroid Power, Richard Shames, MD, and his wife, Karilee, a holistic nurse, have been treating patients with this program for over 25 years. Their program shows readers how to: • Uncover a hidden cause for mental symptoms • Discover the best treatments for each Mind type, such as moody, edgy, foggy, or sleepy • Obtain the most effective cure, with recommendations for common prescription drugs (not antidepressants), natural remedies, vitamins, and supplements Armed with the Shameses' advice and recommendations, readers will be able to participate more actively in their health care and find relief for these common and widespread conditions.

Thyroid Diseases
Thyroid Diseases

Author: Paolo Vitti

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-09-09

Total Pages: 770

ISBN-13: 9783319450124

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This book presents the latest advances in knowledge of the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases and describes the state of the art in their diagnosis and treatment, including newly emerging management approaches. After an opening section that addresses thyroid physiology and laboratory evaluation, each of the major thyroid diseases and their subtypes is discussed, covering goiter and thyroid nodule, thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, and thyroid carcinoma. Other conditions that affect thyroid function or induce thyroid dysfunction are also considered, e.g., pregnancy, non-thyroidal disorders, and medication use. The book is designed to assist practitioners to achieve optimal outcomes in clinical routine by providing clear guidance on clinical examination, the use of diagnostic tests, first- and second-line therapies, and follow-up. Chapter have been written by recognized experts in the field.

The Thyroid and Its Diseases
The Thyroid and Its Diseases

Author: Markus Luster

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-01-08

Total Pages: 770

ISBN-13: 331972102X

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This book is an up-to-date and comprehensive guide to all the common thyroid disorders that may be seen by internists, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and endocrine surgeons. While the fundamentals of thyroid hormone function and regulation in health and disease are well covered, the primary focus is on the clinical approach to thyroid disease, with detailed coverage of both initial diagnosis and management and the role of imaging. Because most endocrine diseases are chronic and lifelong, special emphasis is placed on long-term management and the common pitfalls that may be encountered by the clinician. The editors are internationally acknowledged leaders in the field of thyroid disease and have gathered an outstanding team of authors, all of whom are also highly expert in their respective areas, but who, equally importantly, write in a clear and lucid style. The numerous isotope scan and ultrasonographic images ensure that the book will serve as a valuable reference atlas to which the physician will return again and again.

Thyroid Surgery
Thyroid Surgery

Author: Paolo Miccoli

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-11-26

Total Pages: 491

ISBN-13: 1118444698

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Do you regularly perform thyroid surgery? Are you looking for a tool that guides you through best surgical practice and successful avoidance of complications? Whether you are an endocrine surgeon, general surgeon or otolaryngologist, you will find this highly practical, full colour multimedia tool an essential guide to help perfect your surgical techniques and overcome the various complications that can arise when performing surgery of the thyroid. Packed full of useful tips and tricks, and well illustrated with over 130 figures, it covers the following key areas: • Best practices in thyroid surgery • Intraoperative complications – both common and rare cases • Postoperative complications – including those needing urgent treatment • Complications following minimally invasive and robotic techniques • Thyroid hormone replacement and quality of life after thyroid surgery. Included also are 20 high resolution, step-by-step surgical videos of thyroid surgery, giving you outstanding visual coverage of the experts in action. Edited by an expert international editor team from the US and Europe, Thyroid Surgery: Preventing and Managing Complications perfectly meets all of your clinical needs.

Thyroid Autoimmunity
Thyroid Autoimmunity

Author: A. Pinchera

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 579

ISBN-13: 146130945X

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In 1956, three groups independently reported evidence that some thyroid disease appearing spontaneously in humans or experimentally induced in animals are related to autoimmune processes. The interval between these landmark discoveries and the present has witnessed a remarkable and continuing growth of both knowledge and concepts concerning the mechanisms of immune regulation, the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, and their clinical and laboratory manifestations. More importantly knowledge of thyroid autoimmunity has, in many respects, comprised the vanguard of an ever increasing appreciation and understanding of autoimmune diseases in general. On November 24-26 1986, an International Symposium on Thyroid Autoimmunity was held in Pisa. Its purpose was to commemorate the birth of thyroid autoimmunity as a scientific discipline, to summarize current knowledge and concepts in this area, and where possible, to anticipate areas of opportunity for the future - hence the theme of the Symposium, Memories and Perspectives. To open the meeting, the Magnifico Rettore (Chancellor) of the University of Pisa granted special Awards to Dr. Deborah Doniach, Dr. Ivan Roitt, and Dr. Noel R. Rose, who published the first fundamental studies in the field of thyroid autoimmunity, and to Dr. Duncan G. Adams, whose discovery of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) opened the door to our current understanding of the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. During the meeting thirty plenary lectures were presented.