Urban Health and Wellbeing
Urban Health and Wellbeing

Author: Aakriti Grover

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-10-25

Total Pages: 299

ISBN-13: 9811366713

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This book focuses on interdisciplinary issues of human health in the changing urban environments of India’s largest megacities—Delhi and Mumbai. The authors explore human health concerns related to increased temperatures and air pollution in these cities in a study based on primary data collected through interviews, as well as secondary data on causes of mortality from 2001 to 2012. During this period, the surface temperatures for both megacities were mapped using Landsat Images. The rapidly increasing populations of cities and urban centers alter ecosystem services such as water, air and land cover, with disastrous impacts on health and wellbeing, particularly in megacities. In 2015, polluted air was estimated to have been responsible for 6.4 million deaths worldwide, and it is projected that it will cause between 6 and 9 million deaths per year by 2060. In 2017, outdoor air pollution resulted in 1.2 million deaths in India and brought about a 3% loss in GDP. The increase in population, vehicles, and industries has led to changes in land use and land cover and a rise in city temperatures and air pollution, creating urban heat islands (UHIs). Together, UHIs and air pollution have damaging impacts on human health that range from stress and headache to asthma, bronchitis, and chronic diseases, and even to death. Delhi has been experiencing emergency conditions in terms of environmental health over the past two years. At the same time, both the Delhi and Mumbai urban agglomerations are growing at a rapid pace, and the United Nations has projected that they will be the second and third most populous cities in the world by 2025. In this context, the book offers significant insights into the past patterns and responses to the present global urban health emergencies, and explores sustainable means of combating the problem to enable college and university researchers to develop innovative solutions. Further. It presents trans-disciplinary research that cuts across the WHO Action Plan, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Habitat III to help policymakers gain a better understanding of the global challenges of urban health and wellbeing. The book is especially useful for students and researchers in geography, urban demography, urban studies, environmental studies, health sciences, and policy studies.

Building and Interpreting Possession Sentences
Building and Interpreting Possession Sentences

Author: Neil Myler

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2016-10-14

Total Pages: 471

ISBN-13: 0262336146

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A wide-ranging generative analysis of the typology of possession sentences, solving long-standing puzzles in their syntax and semantics. A major question for linguistic theory concerns how the structure of sentences relates to their meaning. There is broad agreement in the field that there is some regularity in the way that lexical semantics and syntax are related, so that thematic roles (the different participant roles in an event: agent, theme, goal, etc.) are predictably associated with particular syntactic positions. In this book, Neil Myler examines the syntax and semantics of possession sentences, which are infamous for appearing to diverge dramatically from this broadly regular pattern. On the one hand, Myler points out, possession sentences have too many meanings; in any given language, the construction used to express archetypal possessive meanings (such as personal ownership) is also often used to express other apparently unrelated notions (body parts, kinship relations, and many others). On the other hand, possession sentences have too many surface structures; languages differ markedly in the argument structures used to convey the same possessive meanings. Myler argues that recent work on the syntax-semantics interface in the generative tradition has developed the tools needed to solve these puzzles. Examining and synthesizing ideas from the literature and drawing on data from many languages (including some understudied Quechua dialects), Myler presents a novel way to understand the apparent irregularity of possession sentences while preserving explanations of general cross-linguistic regularities, offering a unified approach to the syntax and semantics of possession sentences that can also be integrated into a general theory of argument structure.

The Oxford Handbook of International Commercial Policy
The Oxford Handbook of International Commercial Policy

Author: Mordechai E. Kreinin

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2011-10-15

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 0199703183

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As we enter the 2010s, the global economy is becoming increasingly integrated. International trade has been growing rapidly, an ostensibly irresistible trend that was only temporarily disrupted by the 2008-09 global recession. Globalization has become associated with a country's economic success while failure to open up markets is often viewed as a cause of economic stagnation. This is predicted by economic theory and verified by empirical investigations. One reason for the growth of trade is the impressive reduction of trade barriers over the past 60 years; namely the pursuit of liberal commercial policy by many countries, led by the United States. Yet, particularly with the economic malaise that has persisted since the Great Recession, the role of commercial policy has become increasingly controversial in the media and other public fora. The relationship between trade and employment, as well as the implications of trade for income distribution, are examples of profound influences on national economies that have provoked intensive debate in the public realm. These domestic effects go a long way towards explaining the widespread backlash against globalization that we have observed in recent years. This volume of contributions from some of the best-known international trade economists explores and analyzes the various aspects of commercial policy--theoretical, empirical, and institutional--in a way that standard texts in international economics do not. It does this via two sets of chapters: the first part covers general approaches to commercial policy, including theoretical, institutional, historical, and empirical contributions. Topics addressed include a general analysis of free trade compared to its alternatives, the future of the international trading system (including the regional trade agreement zeitgeist), trade's effects on employment, and the "special" case of agriculture. The second part is comprised of country-specific and regional applications, including case studies of key players in the international trading system (United States, the European Union, and Japan); small, open markets (Australia and Israel); large emerging markets (China and India); and a South-South regional grouping (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations).

China's Industrial State-owned Enterprises: Between Profitability And Bankruptcy
China's Industrial State-owned Enterprises: Between Profitability And Bankruptcy

Author: Carsten A Holz

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2003-07-29

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 9814486329

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After decades of declining profitability, China's industrial state-owned enterprises appear to be obsolete. This book utilizes extensive data and qualitative as well as quantitative analyses to examine the reasons for the decline in the profitability of these industrial state-owned enterprises, to determine their current profitability patterns across various dimensions, and to account for profitability gaps between these enterprises and those managed under other ownership forms. China's recent enterprise reform measures are also evaluated. A differentiated picture emerges that clarifies past developments and illuminates future prospects of the reform of industrial state-owned enterprises in China.

International Human Rights Law in Africa & Domestic Human Rights Law in Africa
International Human Rights Law in Africa & Domestic Human Rights Law in Africa

Author: Christof Heyns

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2022-11-14

Total Pages: 875

ISBN-13: 9004531998

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The aim of this reference work is to make African human rights law accessible to all those involved in or interested in human rights law on the continent in order to strengthen its impact. Primary documents are introduced and reproduced and presented in a coherent framework. The main institutions - public and private - dealing with human rights in Africa are identified and discussed. Comprehensive overviews of the international human rights legal regimes applicable to Africa, as well as country reports are provided. This book tries to contribute towards documenting, systemising and anchoring the African human rights system. The print edition is available as a set of two volumes (9789004138810).

SEC Docket
SEC Docket

Author: United States. Securities and Exchange Commission

Publisher:

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 1138

ISBN-13:

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Taxation with Representation: A New Evil
Taxation with Representation: A New Evil

Author: James C. Lewis

Publisher: Covenant Books, Inc.

Published: 2022-04-19

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 1638146888

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As politicians from both sides of the political spectrum constantly deluge the citizenry with class warfare idioms and clichés, aided by the media, regarding tax policies, we, the people, continually are told the “rich need to pay their fair share.” Or your favorite politician will tell you they are “working for the common man” or the “working-class family,” “working poor,” or the “middle class” while simultaneously creating tax policies that fail to uphold their stated objectives at best and, at worst, outright lie to the public. The politicians’ desire to be reelected outweigh their desire to be honest, and despite their own personal top 1 percent wealth, they continually tell the public they will write laws to punish these same evil rich people, themselves excluded, of course. This deception and purposeful division must end, argues first-time author James Lewis. Taxation without representation was only one of twenty-seven different grievances outlined by our Founding Fathers in the Declaration of Independence, but it is the one grievance which has become more egregious, even with representation and is easily provable to anyone who is intellectually honest. It took our government less than four years to begin abusing their new income taxation power afforded them by the passage of the Sixteenth Amendment in 1913. Tax policies have changed many times over the past 108 years, radically at times, from nominal single-digit tax brackets to wealth-crushing 94 percent top-end tax brackets affecting only select groups of Americans all the while our politicians claim fairness. Taxation with Representation: A New Evil is a historical, honest, and constitutional look at United States tax policies, their effects, “fairness,” and outcomes and lays bare who is responsible for the class warfare and division in America. This book will actually define the “middle class” (something most elected officials can’t do), reveal who is paying taxes, and demonstrate not only the inherent unfairness of our current progressive tax system but offer solutions which will not only make the system truly fair but will ensure a bright future for our posterity. There are many policy areas where we citizens can share respectful disagreements, but truth and fairness in tax policy is not one of them.

More Growth Or Fewer Collapses? a New Look at Long Run Growth in Sub-saharan Africa
More Growth Or Fewer Collapses? a New Look at Long Run Growth in Sub-saharan Africa

Author: Jorge Saba Arbache

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13:

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Abstract: Low and highly volatile growth define Africa's growth experience. But there is no evidence that growth volatility is associated to long term economic performance. This result may be misleading if it suggests that volatility is not important for economic and social progress. In this paper we use a variant of the method developed by Hausmann, Pritchett, and Rodrik (2005) to identify both growth acceleration and deceleration episodes in Africa between 1975 and 2005. The authors find that Africa has had numerous growth acceleration episodes in the last 30 years, but also nearly a comparable number of growth collapses, offsetting most of the benefits of growth. Had Africa avoided its growth collapses, it would have grown 1.7 percent a year instead of 0.7 percent, and its GDP per capita would have been more than 30 percent higher in 2005. The authors also find that growth accelerations and decelerations have an asymmetric impact on human development outcomes. Finally, our results suggest that it is easier to identify the likely institutional and policy origins of growth decelerations than of growth accelerations.

Rural China
Rural China

Author: Jie Fan

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-05-15

Total Pages: 463

ISBN-13: 1317460634

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This book reports the findings of two field studies conducted between 1993 and 2001 in seven townships and six provinces in China. The authors describe the process of rural urbanization and its related economic, social, and political changes by focusing mainly on the zhen (town), in addition to administrative offices and companies involved in the local economy, and village committees. The authors show that the social changes resulting from China's economic reforms are occurring mainly from below, and that this process is also resulting in a weakening of the economic and political dominance of the central government. Other changes discussed in this study include the development of new ownership structures and the increasing dominance of the private sector; a shift in the functions of administrative offices as the bureaucracy becomes increasingly business oriented; the rise of a new local elite; a rebirth of traditional social structures (clans, local associations); and the emergence of new interest groups and institutions to represent their needs.