The Impact of Alcohol Intake and Tobacco Smoking on Colorectal Cancer and Methodological Issues of Risk Measures
Author: Jinhui Zhao
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 544
ISBN-13:
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Author: Jinhui Zhao
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 544
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 728
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 670
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Alexander Whitmarsh
Publisher:
Published: 2017
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: National Cancer Institute (U.S.). Biometry Branch
Publisher:
Published: 1974
Total Pages: 52
ISBN-13:
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Publisher: Office of the Surgeon General
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 696
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe second report from the U.S. Surgeon General devoted to women and smoking. Includes executive summary, chapter conclusions, full text chapters, and references.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
Published: 2019-02-14
Total Pages: 472
ISBN-13: 9241565632
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe report provides an overview of alcohol consumption and harms in relation to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (Chapter 1) presents global strategies action plans and monitoring frameworks (Chapter 2) gives detailed information on: the consumption of alcohol in populations (Chapter 3); the health consequences of alcohol consumption (Chapter 4); and policy responses at national level (Chapter 5). In its final chapter 6 the imperative for reducing harmful use of alcohol in a public health perspective is presented. In addition the report contains country profiles for WHO Member States and appendices with statistical annexes a description of the data sources and methods used to produce the estimates and references.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2015-07-23
Total Pages: 341
ISBN-13: 0309316278
DOWNLOAD EBOOKTobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.
Author: Samir Zakhari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2011-08-23
Total Pages: 254
ISBN-13: 1461400406
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe World Health Organization has identified chronic alcohol consumption as one of the top ten risk factors for worldwide burden of disease. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has identified alcohol as carcinogenic to humans, including cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, colon, liver and breast. Alcohol’s actions may be direct e.g. effects on retinoic acid and one-carbon metabolism, or indirect, through metabolites such as acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species or through various signaling pathways that influence cell cycle and apoptosis that may contribute to carcinogenesis. This report reviews the state of the art in alcohol-related cancer research in ten chapters.
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Conference
Publisher:
Published: 2012
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
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