Language is a tool to deliver one individual's thought or idea or feeling to other individuals through certain kinds of medium, such that sound, image, gesture, touching, motion or even chemicals. In human being the speaking with tongue and mouth and written words or signs by hand are two main forms of language. However, broadly to say, languages also include ultra sonic wave transmission in dolphin, birds' singing, crickets' wings vibration, bees' flying pattern, ants' chemical markers on their trails, blind man finger-touching books, music sheets and performance with instruments - the music language, flag language, light-signal language, telegraphic code, computer language, etc. The criteria to judge the quality of human languages shall be evaluated by its speeding in speech, area-using efficacy in calligraphy, accuracy in meaning expression, easy understanding, and logic consistency, plus acoustic beauty and visual enjoyment. This is a try to develop Sapiensish as a common human language.
Totally it has 216 pages and 52 songs in this music sheet book. All songs were composed by Johnson K. Gao. Different birthday songs and songs composed for ancient poetry, such that written by Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Yu-yi, Su Shi, Liu Yu-xi, Longfellow, Petofi, etc. are included. For promotion of cultural exchange between the East and the West, past and now. The price of the book is set at none profit level. When the book is sold in the major book stores, like amazon.com and Barnes and Noble Book store, the price is only to cover material used for printing and processing. The author shall earn no any money from sales.
A Buzzfeed Gift Guide Selection “Few books on the biological and cultural origin of humanity can be ranked as classics. I believe [this] will be one of them.” — Edward O. Wilson At the time of its publication, How Language Began received high acclaim for capturing the fascinating history of mankind’s most incredible creation. Deemed a “bombshell” linguist and “instant folk hero” by Tom Wolfe (Harper’s), Daniel L. Everett posits that the near- 7,000 languages that exist today are not only the product of one million years of evolution but also have allowed us to become Earth’s apex predator. Tracing 60,000 generations, Everett debunks long- held theories across a spectrum of disciplines to affi rm the idea that we are not born with an instinct for language. Woven with anecdotes of his nearly forty years of fi eldwork amongst Amazonian hunter- gatherers, this is a “completely enthralling” (Spectator) exploration of our humanity and a landmark study of what makes us human. “[An] ambitious text. . . . Everett’s amiable tone, and especially his captivating anecdotes . . . , will help the neophyte along.”— New York Times Book Review
In this work, originally published in Dutch, Rik Smits theorizes that language could not have developed originally as a system of communication. It is, instead, the result of combining separate abilities, each of which developed independently to aid the survival of early humans. Lacking strength and speed, man relies on wisdom for survival. Smits theorizes that human skills in calculation and estimation continued to develop until they were sufficient to accommodate a system as complex as grammar. Only after our linguistic ability emerged could humans think logically and share our reasoning with others, at which point almost everything we now call culture began to flourish. Smits concludes that language cannot have long predated the invention of agriculture in the Middle East, some 14,000 years ago. The huge advance in civilization represented by language made abstract powers of reasoning indispensable for the first time, along with highly developed concepts of identity, past, present, and future, all of which rely upon language. This explanation of the origins of language throws new light on cave paintings by Cro-Magnon man, whose masterpieces date from about 40,000 to 15,000 years ago. Anatomically Cro-Magnons were modern humans, but they had no language in the modern sense. Their absence of language gave them no true sense of individual identity. This translation was made possible by a grant from the Dutch Foundation for Literature.
Today, scientists cite language as the distinctively human feature. But what is language--a sign, a grunt? A sound with collective symbolic meaning? This remarkable book seeks to set the record straight with a critical refinement of the language theory, providing readers for the first time with a scientific explanation of how Eve came to speak at all. Illustrations.
A powerful, counterintuitive new theory of human nature arguing that our evolutionary success depends on our ability to be friendly--from a pair of trailblazing scientists and New York Times bestselling authors. For most of the approximately 200,000 years that our species has existed, we shared the planet with at least four other types of humans. They were smart, they were strong, and they were inventive. Neanderthals even had the capacity for spoken language. But, one by one, our hominid relatives went extinct. Why did we thrive? In delightfully conversational prose and based on years of his own original research, Brian Hare, professor in the department of evolutionary anthropology and the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at Duke University, and his wife Vanessa Woods, a research scientist and award-winning journalist, offer a powerful, elegant new theory called "self-domestication" which suggests that we have succeeded not because we were the smartest or strongest but because we are the friendliest. This explanation flies in the face of conventional wisdom. Since Charles Darwin wrote about "evolutionary fitness," scientists have confused fitness with strength, tactical brilliance, and aggression. But what helped us innovate where other primates did not is our knack for coordinating with and listening to others. We can find common cause and identity with both neighbors and strangers if we see them as "one of us." This ability makes us geniuses at cooperation and innovation and is responsible for all the glories of culture and technology in human history. But this gift for friendliness comes at cost. If we perceive that someone is not "one of us," we are capable of unplugging them from our mental network. Where there would have been empathy and compassion, there is nothing, making us both the most tolerant and the most merciless species on the planet. To counteract the rise of tribalism in all aspects of modern life, Hare and Woods argue, we need to expand our empathy and friendliness to include people who aren't obviously like ourselves. Brian Hare's groundbreaking research was developed in close collaboration with Richard Wrangham and Michael Tomasello, giants in the field of cognitive evolution. Survival of the Friendliest explains both our evolutionary success and our potential for cruelty in one stroke and sheds new light onto everything from genocide and structural inequality to art and innovation.
…Before knowing myself better, it is necessary to know my Species Sapiens, to whom I belong in my entirety… …But my Species Sapiens belongs at its row, to the Genus or Gattung Homo Anthropos, by enlisting here Homo Habilis, Homo Ergaster, Homo Erectus, Homo Heidelbergensis, Homo Neanderthal, whom, I should know them, at least in their generality… …Moreover, one ought know the Hominid Family, (Orangutan, Chimpanzee, Bonobo), then Order Primate, Class Mammals, Phylum Vertebrata, Kingdom Animals, Domain Multi-cellular… …Genesis of Sapiens must be accompanied by the Genesis of Life on our Planetary System, with Genesis of Solar System of Milky Way Galaxy, and Genesis of the Universe!... …Is it this endeavor a Sapient-o-mania?... Not at all, it is an encyclopedic and interdisciplinary reality of our Species Sapiens!... Nothing more, nothing less… …But, In which way, would be possible to change the whole of Sapiens into a Shooting – star Species?... Possible, but reporting the Sapiens to Sapiens itself, done through a Philosophical System of the whole Species!... …Let’s reiterate that nothing in Sapiens makes sense, except in the light of creativity!... …More than that, there is no Species owner, SAPIENSEIGENTÜMER ! Through SAPIENTOLOGIZATION will be reached out the greatest overdrive in additional speed of knowledge - episteme and creativity – noesis, of the whole Sapiens throughout of its development in the last 50.000 years!... …Almost every human being wants to know primarily, of where she / he comes from, who is she / he and where she/ he goes... …Almost every man would like to know who is her / his ancestors are, and who will be her / his offspring... …Almost every human being would like to know, how was the origin of humankind, its past, its present existence and to found out, to foresee in advance, its possible future... …By observing and researching the nature of human, it was taught that, without ancestors, without preceding branches, no offspring would arise... …Through the discovery of the laws of nature, it has been found or found that the theory of evolution contradicts almost all of the myths of creation of religions and of theologies... …Through the sciences of biology, of anthropology and sapientology, the man had ascertained their kinship with the human beings, by calling himself as Wisdom - man, as Intelligent Being, as Creative Being or HOMO SAPIENS... …With this biological name, HOMO, in connection with the self-given artificial names of SAPIENS by INTELLIGENCE, the humanity development recognizes many creations and achievements (in art, in technology, in science, in civilizations, in partial prosperity, in the treatment of epidemic diseases, in prolongation of average lifespan), by admitting also many catastrophic results of wild behaviors as wars, as civilizations destroying, or as illegal migration, as religious fanaticism and terrorism ... Sapiens through Sapientologist
