The Rape of Belgium

The Rape of Belgium

Author: Larry Zuckerman

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 2004-02-01

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 0814797393

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In August 1914, the German Army invaded the neutral nation of Belgium, violating a treaty that the German chancellor dismissed as a "scrap of paper." The invaders terrorized the Belgians, shooting thousands of civilians and looting and burning scores of towns, including Louvain, which housed the country's preeminent university. The Rape of Belgium recalls the bloodshed and destruction of the 1914 invasion, and the outrage it inspired abroad. Yet Larry Zuckerman does not stop there, and takes us on a harrowing journey over the next fifty months, vividly documenting Germany's occupation of Belgium. The occupiers plundered the country, looting its rich supply of natural resources; deporting Belgians en masse to Germany and northern France as forced laborers; and jailing thousands on contrived charges, including the failure to inform on family or neighbors. Despite the duration of the siege and the destruction left in its wake, in considering Belgium, neither the Allies nor the history books focused on the occupation, and instead cast their attention almost wholly on the invasion. Now, The Rape of Belgium draws on a little-known story to remind us of the horrors of war. Further, Zuckerman shows why the Allies refrained from punishing the Germans for the occupation and controversially suggests that had the victors followed through, Europe's reaction to the rise of Nazi Germany might have taken a very different course.


Metropolitan Natures

Metropolitan Natures

Author: Stephane Castonguay

Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press

Published: 2011-07-30

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 0822977710

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One of the oldest metropolitan areas in North America, Montreal has evolved from a remote fur-trading post in New France into an international center for services and technology. A city and an island located at the confluence of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers, it is uniquely situated to serve as an international port while also providing rail access to the Canadian interior. The historic capital of the Province of Canada, once Canada's foremost metropolis, Montreal has a multifaceted cultural heritage drawn from European and North American influences. Thanks to its rich past, the city offers an ideal setting for the study of an evolving urban environment. Metropolitan Natures presents original histories of the diverse environments that constitute Montreal and it region. It explores the agricultural and industrial transformation of the metropolitan area, the interaction of city and hinterland, and the interplay of humans and nature. The fourteen chapters cover a wide range of issues, from landscape representations during the colonial era to urban encroachments on the Kahnawake Mohawk reservation on the south shore of the island, from the 1918-1920 Spanish flu epidemic and its ensuing human environmental modifications to the urban sprawl characteristic of North America during the postwar period. Situations that politicize the environment are discussed as well, including the economic and class dynamics of flood relief, highways built to facilitate recreational access for the middle class, power-generating facilities that invade pristine rural areas, and the elitist environmental hegemony of fox hunting. Additional chapters examine human attempts to control the urban environment through street planning, waterway construction, water supply, and sewerage.


8e conférence internationale des éditeurs de documents diplomatiques

8e conférence internationale des éditeurs de documents diplomatiques

Author: Gabriel Robin

Publisher: Peter Lang

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 9789052013893

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Créée informellement en 1989, la conférence des pays éditeurs de documents diplomatiques a réuni à Paris en octobre 2005, à l'occasion de sa 8e session, une trentaine de délégations qui ont travaillé tant sur des questions de méthodologie que sur un thème historique, celui de la naissance et de l'évolution de l'Organisation des Nations unies. L'ensemble de leurs contributions est réuni dans ce volume, dont la direction des Archives du ministère français des Affaires étrangères, organisatrice de la réunion, a choisi de confier la publication aux éditions Peter Lang, qui publie déjà les Documents diplomatiques français. Le lecteur y trouvera les secrets de fabrication de cette collection et de ses homologues les plus anciennes, et en découvrira d'autres, plus récentes, voire en cours de création. Established unofficially in 1989, the International Conference of Editors of Diplomatic Documents brought together in Paris in October 2005, on the occasion of its 8th meeting, more than thirty delegations. The conference concentrated on the methodology of editing and publishing and chose to focus on the historical theme of the birth and development of the United Nations Organization. Reports and papers presented by the participants are gathered in the present proceedings, the publishing of which was entrusted by the Archives of the ministère des Affaires étrangères to Peter Lang Publishing Group, which is currently responsible for publishing the Documents diplomatiques français. The reader will find in this publication the trade secrets of the French series and of the earliest analogous series of diplomatic documents, as well as discover other more recent collections or even some in the process of being created.


Author:

Publisher: Odile Jacob

Published:

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 273817275X

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Rapport Et Documents Présentés À la Septièm̤e Consultation D'experts FAO Sur la Technologie Du Poisson en Afrique, Saly-Mbour, République Du Sénégal, 10-12 Décembre 2001

Rapport Et Documents Présentés À la Septièm̤e Consultation D'experts FAO Sur la Technologie Du Poisson en Afrique, Saly-Mbour, République Du Sénégal, 10-12 Décembre 2001

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 180

ISBN-13: 9789250053424

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This report sets out the recommendations of the 7th expert consultation together with papers presented, which was held within the framework of the Co-operative Research Programme on Fish Technology in Africa. Issues considered relating to post-harvest fish utilisation in Africa included fresh fish markets, fish processing, quality assurance, marketing and socio-economic issues.


Rural Society and Cotton in Colonial Zaire

Rural Society and Cotton in Colonial Zaire

Author: Osumaka Likaka

Publisher: Univ of Wisconsin Press

Published: 1997-07-01

Total Pages: 205

ISBN-13: 0299153339

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This masterful social and economic history of rural Zaire examines the complex and lasting effects of forced cotton cultivation in central Africa from 1917 to 1960. Osumaka Likaka recreates daily life inside the colonial cotton regime. He shows that, to ensure widespread cotton production and to overcome continued peasant resistance, the colonial state and the cotton companies found it necessary to augment their use of threats and force with efforts to win the cooperation of the peasant farmers, through structural reforms, economic incentives, and propaganda exploiting African popular culture. As local plots of food crops grown by individual households gave way to commercial fields of cotton, a whole host of social, economic, and environmental changes followed. Likaka reveals how food shortages and competition for labor were endemic, forests were cleared, social stratification increased, married women lost their traditional control of agricultural production, and communities became impoverished while local chiefs enlarged their power and prosperity. Likaka documents how the cotton regime promoted its cause through agricultural exhibits, cotton festivals, films, and plays, as well as by raising producer prices and decreasing tax rates. He also shows how the peasant laborers in turn resisted regimented agricultural production by migrating, fleeing the farms for the bush, or sabotaging plantings by surreptitiously boiling cotton seeds. Small farmers who had received appallingly low prices from the cotton companies resisted by stealing back their cotton by night from the warehouses, to resell it in the morning. Likaka draws on interviews with more than fifty informants in Zaire and Belgium and reviews an impressive array of archival materials, from court records to comic books. In uncovering the tumultuous economic and social consequences of the cotton regime and by emphasizing its effects on social institutions, Likaka enriches historical understanding of African agriculture and development.


Napoleon’s Hussars and Chasseurs

Napoleon’s Hussars and Chasseurs

Author: Paul L Dawson

Publisher: Frontline Books

Published: 2024-01-30

Total Pages: 430

ISBN-13: 1399030795

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Small men, with big egos and moustaches, the hussars of Napoleon’s army wore some of the most flamboyant and stylish uniforms of the epoch. The uniforms of the seventeen regiments of hussars are discussed in detail, along with the dress of their brethren in the thirty-two regiments of chasseurs a cheval, with an emphasis on highly elaborate dress of the trumpeters. Archive documents which have never been previously used to study the subject will be used for the first time: many of these documents have not been published in French and have never appeared as translations. Illustrated with contemporary illustrations, original items of uniform and reconstructions of uniforms, this is the definitive guide to the dress of the Napoleon’s light cavalry. This is one of a series of ground-breaking books which will be the defacto study of this perennially popular subject for historians, researchers, wargamers, re-enactors and artists. Using archive records to ‘set the record straight’, as well as contemporary illustrations and original items of uniforms, the author sets out to describe the uniform of every regiment of Napoleon’s army. Using archive sources found in the Archives Nationales and Service Historique du Armee de Terre in Paris, the author’s unrivalled research over a period of twenty years, will reveal exactly how, for the first time in over 200 years, Napoleon’s army was mounted, clothed and equipped. Having been granted to access to over 1,000 archive boxes, the author assesses how the regulations were adopted in practice. This vast resource, as yet untapped by the majority of researchers and historians for understanding the Napoleonic era in general, include the many regimental archive boxes preserved in the French Army archives. These sources provide, potentially bias free empirical data from which we can reconstruct the life story of a regiment, its officers and above all its clothing. What did trumpeters wear? Did cavalry regiments really have sapeurs? We answer these questions and present the reality of how regiments were dressed derived from diaries, letters, inspection returns, regimental accounts and even cases of fraud. For the first time, this unique series of books discusses the wide ranging 1806 uniform regulation and the more famous Bardin regulation which applied to all arms of the Army and explores the way in which regiments on campaign adopted and adapted their uniforms. For the first time since the days of Napoleon, we can say exactly what was worn by the French army.


Studies in West African Islamic History

Studies in West African Islamic History

Author: John Ralph Willis

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-10-12

Total Pages: 341

ISBN-13: 113625160X

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Studies in West African Islamic History explores the diffusion of Islam throughout West Africa from 1523 to 1927. Beginning with a discussion of the evolution of religious brotherhoods in North and Northwest Africa, the book then goes on to discuss the writings of al-Hajj 'Umar al-Futi and Shaykh Mukhtar b. Wadi'at Allah, before concluding with an analysis of Ahmad Bamba.


Shrines of the Slave Trade

Shrines of the Slave Trade

Author: Robert M. Baum

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 1999-05-13

Total Pages: 302

ISBN-13: 0195123921

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In this groundbreaking work, Robert Baum seeks to reconstruct the religious and social history of the Diola communities in southern Senegal during the precolonial era, when the Atlantic slave trade was at its height. Baum shows that Diola community leaders used a complex of religious shrines and priesthoods to regulate and contain the influence of the slave trade. He demonstrates how this close involvement with the traders significantly changed Diola religious life.