Predicting Invasive Plant Species Range Expansion in Alaska
Predicting Invasive Plant Species Range Expansion in Alaska

Author: Elizabeth Michelle Bella

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13:

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"Alaska is vulnerable to a variety of changes causing by a warming climate. Alaska is no longer thought to be immune to wide scale invasive plant species infestations. Planning tools are needed to anticipate area of potential change and to indentify invasive species of concern. I conducted a field study to determine presence or absence of any non-native vascular plant species per 100 m of transect keyed to vegetation type, canopy cover class, aspect, visitor use level, and use intensity on all major trails on and near Forest Service lands on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Trailheads are thought to be sites of non-native species introduction to trail systems. Little is known about the number of introductions needed to establish a non-native species in northern climates, or the expected distances a particular species can be expected to spread up a trail. Prediction of non-native species spread along Alaskan trails is possible by examining vegetation type and intensity of use, with greatest impacts in open types with high use. I used biogeoclimatic models to forecast potential vulnerabilities with respect to invasive species distribution in Alaska. I selected three invasive plant species of interest in Alaska with different current distribution (reed canarygrass, present and widespread; purple loosestrife, present and limited; and leafy spurge, not yet present but considered potentially invasive). Species were modeling using two different predictive models (BIOCLIM in the DIVA-GIS platform and MaxEnt), two different future climates (Hadley and CCC), two emissions scenarios (A2, high and B2, low), for current climate plus three time steps (2020, 2050, 2080). Models were assessed with 25% test data, and then trained with 75% of the data. MaxEnt models performed better than DIVA-GIS models. All models showed current potential range that exceeds their known occurrence. For each species, we compared area difference in predicted habitat suitability between scenarios and between time steps in both models as a quantified measure of potential habitat change. I applied the modeling procedure to an additional twenty-four species to create an atlas of scenario maps for Alaska. All models showed current potential range that exceeds their known occurrence"--Leaves ii-iii.

Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States
Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States

Author: Therese M. Poland

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-02-01

Total Pages: 455

ISBN-13: 3030453677

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This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.

Invasiveness Ranking System for Non-native Plants of Alaska
Invasiveness Ranking System for Non-native Plants of Alaska

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13:

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Describes a ranking system used to evaluate the potential invasiveness and impacts of 113 non-native plants to natural areas in Alaska. Species are ranked by a series of questions in four broad categories: ecosystem impacts, biological attributes, distribution, and control measures. Also included is a climate screening procedure to evaluate the potential for establishment in three ecogeographic regions of Alaska [Juneau, Fairbanks, Nome].

Invasive Plants and Pollination of Alaskan Berry Species
Invasive Plants and Pollination of Alaskan Berry Species

Author: Katie Villano Spellman

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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A rapidly changing climate and human disturbance patterns have accelerated the spread of invasive plants species in Alaska. Non-native plant invasions can disrupt pollinator services to native plants and have the potential to impact the pollination and fruit set in berry species important for subsistence harvest. My dissertation aims to address the dual need for greater understanding of the impacts of invasive plants on pollination of berry species in boreal ecosystems and the need for research on education strategies that best prepare Alaskans to respond to the issue. I integrate an ecological field experiment, a citizen science program where data is used to validate phenology models derived from heraium data, and an invasive plants education experiment testing the effects of a metacognitive learning intervention to provide multiple perspectives that inform the management of invasive plants in Alaska. The ecological field experiment found that invasive Melilotus albus acts as a magnet species for pollinators, which increased seed production in Vaccinium vitis-idaea, slightly decreased pollination in Rhododendron groenlandicum, and had no detectable interactions with Vaccinium uliginosum. The impact M. albus had on R. groenlandicum changed with distance from the invasive plant patch, but the impact on V. vitis-idaea did not. Using data from a statewide citizen science program monitoring the phenology of these species, I found that herbarium-based phenology models were valid for assessing relative shifts in phenology of these species across Alaska. Employing the research on M. albus and the berry species as a test case, I found that students who received the metacognitive learning intervention show long-term improvement in metacognitive skills compared to students in the control group, but that the groups did not differ in their ability to apply resilience thinking skills to the environmental problem-solving. I synthesized social-ecological resilience and education research to investigate how citizen science and metacognitive learning could contribute to the capacity of Alaskans to respond to social-ecological change. Together, the ecology and education research presented here provide diverse perspectives on how to best manage and build the human capacity to manage M. albus near subsistence plant species.

Meeting the Challenge
Meeting the Challenge

Author: Timothy B. Harrington

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 166

ISBN-13:

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Invasive Species Early Detection Protocol Development in the National Parks: Integrating All the Pieces; Developing Early Detection Networks to Abate the Invasive Plant Species Threat; The First Line of Defense: Interceptions of Federal Noxious Weed Seeds in Washington; Summary of the National Environmental Policy Act Approach for Early Detection/Rapid Response to Invasive Plants on the Olympic National Forest; Developing a Biological Control Program for Invasive Knotweeds (Fallopia spp.); Cytisus Scoparius (Scotch Broom) Control Using Sewage Biosolids ? Preliminary Results; Establishment of Scotch Broom Seedlings in Douglas-fir Forests: Effects of Overstory Retention Level and Seedbed Type; Biology and Management of Invasive Hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.) in the Pacific Northwest; Fungal Endophytes in Spotted Knapweed: Do They Affect Its Invasiveness?; Successful Biological Control of Invasive Plant Species in Washington; Garden Loosestrife (Lysimachia Vulgaris), a Spreading Threat in Western Waterways; Garlic Mustard Control: Is Success a Possibility? Strategy and Potential Impact;The Ecological Consequences of Giant Knotweed Invasion into Riparian Forests; Strategic Management of Public Invasive Species Programs; Invasive Plant Management Following the 2003 Okanagan Valley Wildfires, British Columbia; A Summary of Acute Risk of Four Common Herbicides to Birds and Mammals; Got Milk Thistle? An Adaptive Management Approach to Eradicating Milk Thistle on Dairies in King County, Washington State; Controlling Invasive Plants Without Herbicides, Cedar River Municipal Watershed; Non-Native Plants on the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest; Is the Spread of Non-Native Plants in Alaska Accelerating?; Challenges in Predicting the Potential Distribution of Invasive Species Using Habitat Distribution Models; The Integrated Noxious Weed Invasive Species Project (INWISP) of Washington State; Distribution and Abundance of Invasive Plants in Pacific Northwest Forests; Herbarium Collections and Invasive Species Biology: Understanding the Past, Present, and Future; Weeds Cross Borders Project: A Canada ? United States Collaboration; The St. Louis Codes of Conduct: Providing a Framework to Prevent Invasions from Horticulture; Policies to Reduce the Risk of Invasive Plant Introductions via Horticultural Trade: Stakeholder Perceptions and Preferences.

Meeting the Challenge
Meeting the Challenge

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13:

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During September 19-20, 2006, a conference was held at the University of Washington Botanic Gardens, Seattle, WA, with the title S2Meeting the challenge: invasive plants in Pacific Northwest Ecosystems. S3 The mission of the conference was to create strategies and partnerships to understand and manage invasions of non-native plants in the Pacific Northwest. The audience included over 180 professionals, students, and citizens from public and private organizations responsible for monitoring, studying, or managing non-native invasive plants. This proceedings includes twenty-seven papers based on oral presentations at the conference plus a synthesis paper that summarizes workshop themes, discussions, and related information. Topics include early detection and rapid response; control techniques, biology, and impacts; management approaches; distribution and mapping of invasive plants; and partnerships, education, and outreach.

Invasiveness Ranking System for Non-native Plants of Alaska
Invasiveness Ranking System for Non-native Plants of Alaska

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13:

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Describes a ranking system used to evaluate the potential invasiveness and impacts of 113 non-native plants to natural areas in Alaska. Species are ranked by a series of questions in four broad categories: ecosystem impacts, biological attributes, distribution, and control measures. Also included is a climate screening procedure to evaluate the potential for establishment in three ecogeographic regions of Alaska [Juneau, Fairbanks, Nome].