Old English had a large number of plant names: more than a thousand are attested. These are listed here, including parts of plants and products of plants. In the main list the following kinds of information are provided: the spelling (including spelling variants), the literal meaning, the etymology (native word or loan-word) and word-formation, equivalents in Modern English, in the Linnéan terminology, and in German, as well as the older Latin names. Cross-references to etymologically or semantically related names are also given. It is furthermore noted if the etymology or the identification of the plant is unclear. The main list is made more accessible and is supplemented by several indices and supplementary lists; these collect, for example, those Old English plant names that survive in Modern English, Old English names for fruits and products of plants, tree names, the Latin names according to the Linnéan system, the Modern English equivalents, and the Modern German equivalents.
Through combinations of instructive prose and incantatory verse, liturgical rituals and herbal recipes, Latinate learning and oral tradition, the Old English remedies offer hope not only for bodily ailments but also for such dangers as solitary travel, swarming bees and stolen cattle. Hybrid healing works from the premise that the tremendous diversity of Old English medical texts requires an equally diverse range of interpretative methodologies. Through a case study approach, this exploration of early medicine offers a series of close readings tailored specifically to individual remedies, drawing from a range of fields including plant biology, classical rhetoric, archaeology, folkloristics and disability studies. Embracing the endless complexity of these Old English texts, Hybrid healing argues that the healing power of individual remedies ultimately derives from a dynamic and unpredictable process that is at once both deeply traditional and also ever-changing.
Based on the surviving Old English textual material, as well as on Old English dictionaries and the relevant literature, this work studies the role of preverbs (eg. Byrnan, ābyrnan, forbyrnan, gebyrnan, onbyrnan) as a transitivising mechanism under the scope of the Cardinal Transitivity approach. Focus is laid on Old English morphological causative pairs that show signs of lability, i.e. verbs that can function transitively or intransitively with no morphological marking. This work has two main objectives. On the one hand, to examine to what extent preverbs may influence the valence of verbs that are ambivalent from the point of view of their valence as well as to shed light on the effects preverbs may have on other parameters of transitivity such as telicity or affectedness. On the other hand, this book also explores a rather neglected topic so far: the interaction of preverbs and the Germanic morphological causative marker -jan as transitivising mechanisms in Old English.
Participial prepositions and conjunctions such as considering, during, considered and except are a comparatively recent phenomenon in the history of the English language. They originated in the intense language contact situation between Anglo-French and Middle English in late medieval England. In this book, it is shown that the development is part of a long process of typological change both in the Romance languages and in the English language. Through language contact a productive pattern has been established in English, which still produces new participial prepositions today (e.g. following, based on and looking at). Participial prepositions and conjunctions therefore clearly illustrate the mechanisms and consequences of language change through intense language contact.
This volume synthesizes recent approaches to the study of historical English and long-established philological scholarship. Using this synthesis, it casts doubt upon the old antagonisms between modern linguistics and traditional approaches, and makes the historical study of English accessible to scholars and students of both backgrounds. This book brings together 10 studies on various characteristics of the historical development of English, and mainly Old and Middle English, first presented in workshops at the “Old and Middle English” and “Language Variation and Change in Ancient and Medieval Europe” summer schools, organized in Naxos, Greece. It includes studies derived from the first four workshops: “New Approaches to the History of Early English(es)” I, II and III and “Language Change in Indo-European” I. The first part of the volume emphasizes the synchronic description of syntactic, morphological and semantic features of Old English, while the second section emphasizes explanations of the development of various features of English, starting with Old English.
This Gedenkschrift celebrates the memory of Professor Hans Sauer and his passion for travelling. The contributions in this volume explore different kinds of textual and temporal travels from various linguistic, literary, and philological perspectives.
Vita mortuorum in memoria vivorum — volume 5 of the Beyond Language series is dedicated to the memory of Professor Jacek Fisiak, one of the titans in English historical linguistics in Poland and beyond. For over 40 years, he taught at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, where he established a stronghold of English studies in Europe. His efforts were appreciated with medals, awards, honorific titles, and mentoring positions amongst academic bodies. “The present In Memoriam volume undoubtedly counts among the all-encompassing and much-expected individual and collective acts of commemoration to recognize the authority of Professor Jacek Fisiak—the great scientist, the indefatigable Organizer, Manager and Mentor, relentless of any adversity or difficulty; the person whose countless contributions and merits in the history of Polish humanities – especially in the field of philological sciences and English studies in Poland – cannot be overestimated. […] On the one hand, the articles included in the volume yield a multidimensional testimony of the authors' scientific kinship with Professor Fisiak's broad scientific interests. On the other, they present a whole range of individual philological inquiries, starting from texts whose synthetic theoretical overtones prove the rich experience of their authors, through the articles of a more general nature, to prolegomena stimulating further in-depth scientific analyses. […]” (from the review by prof. Grzegorz Kleparski)_____TABLE OF CONTENTS_____Jacek Fisiak 1936–2019____ MENTOR in Academia: The Master in Title and Reality―by Joanna M. Esquibel____PART II. Old and Middle English Literature | Campbell’s “Art of Parallelism” in Old English Poetry: A Reappraisal―by Rory McTurk | The Question of Beowulf’s Relation to Fairy Tales Revisited―by Andrzej Wicher | Cornish Symptoms in the Old English Orosius―by Andrew Breeze | When a Lexical Borrowing Becomes an Ideological Tool: The Case of Saint Erkenwald―by Letizia Vezzosi | Medieval Multitasking: Hoccleve Translates Christine de Pizan and Imitates Chaucer, For Example his Binomials―by Hans Sauer | Mimetic Desires in Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur―by Barbara Kowalik____PART III. Old and Middle English language and historical linguistics | Selected Elements of Language Change―by Aleksandra R. Knapik | For and Against Anglo-Frisian: The Linguistic Debate on the Matter―by Katarzyna Buczek | On Speech and Discourse Communities in the Viking Age―by Piotr P. Chruszczewski | East Anglia as an Old English and Middle English Dialect Area―by Peter Trudgill | Middle English Voiced Fricatives Revisited―by Piotr Gąsiorowski | From Where Did the Death of the English Inflection Come?―by Janusz Malak | On the Expansion of the Old Norse Root hap- in Middle English―by Rafał Molencki | So that in Clauses of Result and Purpose in Old English and Middle English―by Jerzy Nykie____PART IV. Adapting Earlier English for Modern Times | Adapting Shakespeare and Fletcher’s Drama for Theatre―by Magdalena Kizeweter, Anna Wojtyś | Medieval Modernism and the New Age Magazine: Creating Modernity While Turning to the Past―by Dominika Buchowska____PART V. Modern English, contrastive studies, and translation studies | Variation in the Use of the 3rd Person Singular Marker in American Private Letters from the mid-19th Century―by Radoslaw Dylewski, Magdalena Bator, Joanna Rabęda | The NAD Phonotactic Calculator: An Online Tool to Calculate Cluster Preferability Across Languages―by Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Dawid Pietrala | Event Construal in Some English Middle and Reflexive Constructions and Their Polish Counterparts―by Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk | Problems in Studying Loan-Translations―by Alicja Witalisz | When do nouns control sentence stress placement?―by Aleksander Szwedek____PART VI. Notes on Contributors | Index
Excerpt from A Dictionary of English Plant-Names Science cannot, at present, afford to throw hard words at pro vincialisms. Too often, in her nomenclature, has she failed to interpret Nature; too often given us only the skeleton leaf instead of the flower. A long list of provincialisms might be given, where by a word a whole train of associations is aroused, and the close relationship of all things shown Many of our most expressive terms are fast dying out, as schools are built, and schoolmasters increase, so will the old words perish in the struggle with the new. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Knowledge of plant names can give insight into largely forgotten beliefs. For example, the common red poppy is known as "Blind Man" due to an old superstitious belief that if the poppy were put to the eyes it would cause blindness. Many plant names derived from superstition, folk lore, or primal beliefs. Other names are purely descriptive and can serve to explain the meaning of the botanical name. For example, Beauty-Berry is the name given to the American shrub that belongs to the genus Callicarpa. Callicarpa is Greek for beautiful fruit. Still other names come from literary sources providing rich detail of the transmission of words through the ages.Conceived as part of the author's wider interest in plant and tree lore and ethnobotanical studies, this fully revised edition of Elsevier's Dictionary of Plant Names and Their Origins contains over 30,000 vernacular and literary English names of plants. Wild and cultivated plants alike are identified by the botanical name. Further detail provides a brief account of the meaning of the name and detailed commentary on common usage. * Includes color images * Inclusive of all Latin terms with vernacular derivatives * The most comprehensive guide for plant scientists, linguists, botanists, and historians
