BARRIERS TO HIV/AIDS CARE IN RURAL-SPECIFIC AREAS OF PENNSYLVANIA
BARRIERS TO HIV/AIDS CARE IN RURAL-SPECIFIC AREAS OF PENNSYLVANIA

Author: Grace Morgan Edwards

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 40

ISBN-13:

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Medical advancement in the field of HIV/AIDS related care has resulted in what used to be an epidemic with a “death sentence” to an incurable disease that is manageable with proper medical and psychosocial attention. Although deemed amendable with various prevention and treatment strategies being in full swing, HIV/AIDS diagnoses still remain stable and consistent. The highest proportion of HIV/AIDS diagnoses are reported in urban areas of the United States, which often shifts the focus away from rural communities. However, a surge in rural diagnoses requires professional attention and new research to assist in understanding and alleviating stressors specific to HIV/AIDS related care in new targeted zones. Individuals with HIV/AIDS who reside in rural areas continue to be an underserved and forgotten population. There are characteristics specific to rural areas that can become barriers and challenges to providing HIV/ AIDS related care and prevention. Specific characteristics can be social, medical, environmental, economic, and/or a combination of these variables. This study identifies and researches rural characteristics that create current barriers for rural individuals living with HIV/AIDS. It then utilizes the information to develop a survey able to be utilized by HIV/AIDS service professionals to effectively tailor interventions to address both rural and urban needs

Technical Assistance for Health Centers in Rural Pennsylvania
Technical Assistance for Health Centers in Rural Pennsylvania

Author: Brittany Barnes

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Objectives: There is a gap between health professionals' knowledge and skills regarding HIV/AIDS prevention and care due to the constant changing face of HIV prevention, treatment and care, as well as due to changing population demographics. This project consisted of conducting a needs assessment to gain a better understanding of how the PA/MidAtlantic AIDS Education and Training Center (PA/MA AETC, or "ETC") can provide information dissemination, training, and other resources to support health centers treating people living with HIV/AIDS, in Reading, PA. Methods: Both in-person and telephone semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (n=8) from health centers, hospitals, and community based organizations in Reading, PA. Grounded theory methods were used for data collection, and content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Data analysis of interview notes identified five provider training needs: (1) more information about treating co-infections (Hepatitis C and HIV, specifically) due to the high rates among their patient population, (2) more information about the HIV post-counseling component and linkage to care after a patient tests positive for HIV, (3) training aimed at attitudes that patients are not at risk for HIV/AIDS, (4) training addressing challenges retaining patients in HIV care, and (5) brief concise training to address time as a barrier to participation in training activities. Conclusions: The needs assessments uncovered five specific areas in which clinicians who care for patients living with HIV/AIDS in Reading, PA could use technical support and training. Recommendations for training and technical assistance targeted to health providers in rural settings were provided, in order to provide optimal care for their HIV-positive populations.

HIV Screening and Access to Care
HIV Screening and Access to Care

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2011-04-21

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13: 0309212928

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Increased HIV screening may help identify more people with the disease, but there may not be enough resources to provide them with the care they need. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Screening and Access to Care concludes that more practitioners must be trained in HIV/AIDS care and treatment and their hospitals, clinics, and health departments must receive sufficient funding to meet a growing demand for care.

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives
Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2019-06-16

Total Pages: 175

ISBN-13: 0309486483

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The opioid crisis in the United States has come about because of excessive use of these drugs for both legal and illicit purposes and unprecedented levels of consequent opioid use disorder (OUD). More than 2 million people in the United States are estimated to have OUD, which is caused by prolonged use of prescription opioids, heroin, or other illicit opioids. OUD is a life-threatening condition associated with a 20-fold greater risk of early death due to overdose, infectious diseases, trauma, and suicide. Mortality related to OUD continues to escalate as this public health crisis gathers momentum across the country, with opioid overdoses killing more than 47,000 people in 2017 in the United States. Efforts to date have made no real headway in stemming this crisis, in large part because tools that already existâ€"like evidence-based medicationsâ€"are not being deployed to maximum impact. To support the dissemination of accurate patient-focused information about treatments for addiction, and to help provide scientific solutions to the current opioid crisis, this report studies the evidence base on medication assisted treatment (MAT) for OUD. It examines available evidence on the range of parameters and circumstances in which MAT can be effectively delivered and identifies additional research needed.

Rural Public Health
Rural Public Health

Author: K. Bryant Smalley, PhD, PsyD

Publisher: Springer Publishing Company

Published: 2014-01-14

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 0826108954

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"[A] welcome addition to the rural health care practitioner's tool kit. It will energize those interested in vulnerable rural residents and their unique characteristics through a public health perspective... Highly recommended."--CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries "This call to action for healthcare providers is a comprehensive review of issues in rural healthcare, including both obstacles and ways to begin to overcome them. It is easy to read... This enjoyable book encourages healthcare providers working or considering working in rural healthcare with clear direction."--Doody's Medical Reviews "The Warren & Smalley book is an excellent look at the challenges while also presenting solutions and hope. It recognizes the medical challenges that are present and the cost of bring medical care to these communities... There is so much in this book that will be refreshing and encouraging. The book needs to be read. It is also a book that needs to be placed in the hands of the movers and shakers, as well other interested parties who are in a position to 'make this happen.'" -- Illness, Crisis & Loss Rural residents face distinct health challenges due to economic conditions, cultural/behavioral factors, and health provider shortages that combine to impose striking disparities in health outcomes among rural populations. This comprehensive text about the issues of rural public health is the only book to focus on rural health from the perspectives of public health and prevention. It covers specific diseases and disorders faced by rural populations, service delivery challenges, practitioner shortfalls in rural areas, and promising community health approaches and preventive measures. The text also addresses rural health care ethics and international perspectives. Nearly all chapters offer best practice recommendations and evidence-based prevention programs. This book is a cohesive, centralized resource for researchers, public health practitioners, health organizations, and graduate education programs that focus on the public health of rural populations. Key Features: Comprises the only text to address rural health from the perspectives of public health and prevention Includes best practice recommendations and evidence-based prevention programs in each chapter Presents a cohesive, expansive synthesis of current research and practice Addresses specific diseases and disorders of rural populations, service delivery problems, and practitioner shortfalls in rural areas Discusses promising community health approaches and preventative measures

HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities
HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities

Author: Fayth M. Parks

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-07-13

Total Pages: 165

ISBN-13: 3319562398

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This wide-ranging volume reviews the experience and treatment of HIV/AIDS in rural America at the clinical, care system, community, and individual levels. Rural HIV-related phenomena are explored within healthcare contexts (physician shortages, treatment disparities) and the social environment (stigma, the opioid epidemic), and contrasted with urban frames of reference. Contributors present latest findings on HIV medications, best practices, and innovative opportunities for improving care and care settings, plus invaluable first-person perspective on the intersectionality of patient subpopulations. These chapters offer both seasoned and training practitioners a thorough grounding in the unique challenges of providing appropriate and effective services in the region. Featured topics include: Case study: Georgia’s rural vs. non-rural populations HIV medications: how they work and why they fail Pediatric/adolescent HIV: legal and ethical issues Our experience: HIV-positive African-American women in the Deep South Learning to age successfully with HIV Bringing important detail to an often-marginalized population, HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities will interest and inspire healthcare practitioners including physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, case managers, psychologists, social workers, counselors, and family therapists, as well as educators, students, persons living with HIV, advocates, community leaders, and policymakers.

Communities in Action
Communities in Action

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2017-04-27

Total Pages: 583

ISBN-13: 0309452961

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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

The Role of Faith-Based Organizations in HIV Prevention and Care in Central America
The Role of Faith-Based Organizations in HIV Prevention and Care in Central America

Author: Kathryn Pitkin Derose

Publisher: Rand Corporation

Published: 2010-05-28

Total Pages: 123

ISBN-13: 0833049844

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Describes the involvement of churches and other faith-based organizations (FBOs) in addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. The authors describe the range of FBO activities and discuss the advantages and challenges to such involvement and possible ways that FBOs can enhance their efforts, both independently and in collaboration with other organizations, such as government ministries of health.

Population Health: Behavioral and Social Science Insights
Population Health: Behavioral and Social Science Insights

Author: Robert M. Kaplan

Publisher: Government Printing Office

Published: 2015-07-24

Total Pages: 659

ISBN-13: 1587634457

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The purpose of this book is to gain a better understanding of the multitude of factors that determine longer life and improved quality of life in the years a person is alive. While the emphasis is primarily on the social and behavioral determinants that have an effect on the health and well-being of individuals, this publication also addresses quality of life factors and determinants more broadly. Each chapter in this book considers an area of investigation and ends with suggestions for future research and implications of current research for policy and practice. The introductory chapter summarizes the state of Americans’ health and well-being in comparison to our international peers and presents background information concerning the limitations of current approaches to improving health and well-being. Following the introduction, there are 21 chapters that examine the effects of various behavioral risk factors on population health, identify trends in life expectancy and quality of life, and suggest avenues for research in the behavioral and social science arenas to address problems affecting the U.S. population and populations in other developed and developing countries around the world. Undergraduate and graduate students pursuing coursework in health statistics, health population demographics, behavioral and social science, and heatlh policy may be interested in this content. Additionally, policymakers, legislators, heatlh educators, and scientific organizations around the world may also have an interest in this resource.