I describe the mechanisms by which cryptocurrencies -- a subcategory of virtual currencies -- could replace tax havens as the weapon-of-choice for tax-evaders. I argue such outcome is reasonably expected in the foreseeable future due to the contemporary convergence of two processes. The first process is the increasing popularity of cryptocurrencies, of which Bitcoin is the most widely recognized example. The second process is the transformation of financial intermediaries to agents in the service of tax authorities, as part of the fight against offshore tax evasion. Financial institutions are faced with increased governmental pressure to deliver information about account holders, to withhold taxes from earnings accumulating in financial accounts, and to remit such taxes to taxing authorities around the world. Significantly, cryptocurrencies possess all the traditional characteristics that tax haves do; Earnings are not subject to taxation, and taxpayers' anonymity is maintained. The operation of cryptocurrencies, however, is not dependent on the existence of financial intermediaries. Thus, cryptocurrencies have the potential of defeating the recent successes of governments in battling offshore tax evasion. I further suggest that while governments have paid some attention to this issue, they have so far failed to identify the acuteness of the potential problem.
Most crypto generate Capital Gains Tax when sold. Tax havens can help you reduce, legally, yBitcoin or any other cryptocurrency increase in value is considered, in general, capital gain. Any offshore tax planning in order to optimize the crypto tax bill shall be pursuant and respectful of international tax laws as for any other type of asset tax planning, having in mind the particularities of this new assets, banking restrictions, and value fluctuation. The Capital Gain Tax Base is the difference between the value you acquired the asset, and the selling price. Any country or jurisdiction that does not tax capital gains, or has a territorial tax system, can be considered a crypto tax haven. Some jurisdiction tax capital gains but specifically exclude crypto earnings from taxation. Real Estate Property Capital Gain is usually levied in the country where it is located, so even if you move your tax residency, you might be withheld tax on those capital gains when triggered. One of the benefits of Crypto is that, different from Real Estate, is not an immovable property, so you can implement certain tax strategies to optimize your tax earnings when you cash out, like moving the crypto to another entity, or moving your residency. Finally, there are other types of bitcoin “offshore jurisdictions” or “tax havens” where the benefit is not just taxes, but the ability to launch an ICO or Crypto Exchange, with fewer regulations in comparison to other jurisdictions. our tax base. The information contained in this book comes from personal experience only and the author’s personal point of view, and it, in any way, shall not constitute legal, tax, or financial advice. You must get the advice from a license attorney, accountant, or financial services provider. This short book will cover, in a general manner: -What to be aware of in regards to crypto taxation, including capital gains, exit tax, changing your tax residency, and more. -Banks Common Reporting Standards and why most banks are reluctant to working with crypto businesess. -Crypto friendly jurisdictions that don't tax crypto gains and / or capital gains in general, including how to buy a second passport or get express permanent visa, where to open an offshore bank account that won't block crypto transaction conversion to fiat. - A simple yet effective offshore structure with a bank account that will allow you to trade bitcoin tax free. -Nominee Shareholders The content herein won't make you a tax expert, but will give you an insight before you engage a licensed lawyer Content Quality Disclaimer: Please note that the content in this book will not make you an expert. It addresses superficially generalities in regards to crypto taxation and how to optimize your taxes. In order to get an specific Price justification: International Tax Counseling usually starts at 100$ per hour, and can get up to four figures hourly rate or more. Hence, the price of this book matches its content. About the Author: International Tax Lawyer. Speaks English, Spanish, French, Italian, Russian.
Each year millions of income-earning adults and corporations do not pay their fair share of federal income taxes -- whether legally (tax avoidance), illegally (tax evasion), or through shady means (tax "avoision"), and their numbers are rising dramatically. In this explosive book, Charles Lewis, founder and executive director of the Center for Public Integrity, and Bill Allison, a former researcher at the Philadelphia Inquirer finger these culprits. Super-rich individuals and corporations alike are increasingly using offshore channels to hide money from the IRS, which seems to have given up on trying to catch them. Meanwhile, the rest of the population suffers. The IRS recently reported that 2,680 filers with incomes of $200,000 or more claimed they owed no taxes, up from 612 in the mid-eighties, and 85 in 1977. While audits of these wealthy taxpayers have plummeted, audits of those earning less than $25,000 per year have risen. Not only that, but in 1997 only 2.3 percent of returns filed by the richest Americans were reviewed. With The Cheating of America, Lewis and Allison aim to unmask those who are stiffing Uncle Sam, as well as the system that permits their activities. They reveal how blue-chip U.S. corporations take advantage of dubious shelters or move their taxable profits offshore. Frequently these same companies have also availed themselves of cheaper labor overseas, laying off thousands of American workers. Some estimates show that more than a trillion dollars are salted away in offshore bank accounts, beyond the reach of the Internal Revenue Service. Lewis and Allison provide a richly detailed and colorful overview of the key players -- federal legislators, the IRS, New York banks, foreign "tax havens" -- and the cottage industry that teaches aspiring dodgers how to cheat successfully. At the heart of the book are case studies of some of the most brazen individuals and corporations, including the "Benedict Arnold Billionaires" who have expatriated from the United States in order to reduce or eliminate their tax burden. With explosive investigative revelations and the authority of the Center for Public Integrity behind it, The Cheating of America will further educate all those who "pay their fair share" while the financial elite dodge their responsibility to society. Sure to enlighten and outrage, The Cheating of America is a must-read for every citizen.
Tax havens in offshore lands like Switzerland, the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas were once considered a rarity, the preserve of the super-rich. Today, they are big business available to the masses. Their goal? To avoid any form of accountability. Own nothing. Possess everything. Be answerable to no one. Where are these tax havens? What forms can they take? What future lies in store for them, and why should we care? An Anatomy of Tax Havens: Europe, the Caribbean and the United States of America answers these questions, and more, in the first comparative study in one volume of European, Caribbean and United States tax havens. It examines their simple origin to the extreme forms some take today, delving into the murky subculture that has deliberately made them impenetrably obscure. Uniquely, it combines detailed technical expertise (regulatory regimes, financial crime, legal and equitable structuring) with an analysis of their impact on domestic and global political, economic, environmental and social concerns. An Anatomy of Tax Havens is a fascinating, informative read for a broad readership; from legal, accountancy and tax practitioners to compliance regulators, law enforcement agencies, and students and researchers interested in business studies, taxation, and crime.
The significance of cryptocurrencies can be understood clearly with their high market penetration in recent times. The central banks, economists, business professionals, and authorities are examining the prospects, impacts, comfortability, and reliability aspects of cryptocurrencies. Many questions are yet to be answered empirically to cover the significance, considerations, negative impacts, policy applications, and acceptance of cryptocurrencies as marketable instruments. Many governments are concerned about the nature and volatility of cryptocurrencies due to their decentralized form. Emerging Insights on the Relationship Between Cryptocurrencies and Decentralized Economic Models discusses the answers to major queries and concerns regarding cryptocurrencies and the emergence of decentralized economic models. It covers major topics that are highly resourceful for knowledge seekers and is highly useful, containing vital information related to cryptocurrencies. Covering topics such as central bank digital currencies, financial reporting, and public perception, this premier reference source is an essential resource for economists, government officials and agency officials, policymakers, central bank professionals, investors, entrepreneurs, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.
The emergence of convertible decentralized virtual currency schemes confronts tax authorities with unprecedented questions, among them are the status of virtual currency for tax purposes, which virtual transactions may bene?t from a VAT exemption and determining the most optimal method of tax regulation. This ?rst book-length treatment of this major current topic provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the tax implications of virtual currency transactions. Seeking to ascertain whether virtual currency requires additional regulation or whether the law as it stands is adequate to administer its usage, the analysis not only thoroughly explains the nature of the underlying blockchain technology and its regulatory and judicial treatment so far but also identi?es best practices for virtual currency transactions and makes recommendations for the improvement of the existing tax systems. Among the aspects of the phenomenon covered are the following: – particular aspects of virtual currency use such as smart contracts and initial coin offerings; – comparative review of income tax consequences of virtual currency transactions in Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States; – VAT/sales tax treatment of transactions involving virtual currency in the European Union and the United States; – methodology for creating an effective regulatory framework for the taxation of virtual currency; and – the future of blockchain. The book has three parts and an annex that describes tax regulations, administrative rulings and court decisions concerning virtual currency in twenty countries. In its in-depth analysis of tax implications of virtual currency transactions in major economies, detailed overview of recent tax developments that affect virtual currency transactions and evaluation of tax policies related to virtual currencies, this book has no peers. Especially in view of the OECD's examination of the tax challenges presented by the digital economy as part of its base erosion and pro?t shifting (BEPS) project, this clear and comprehensive explanation of the functioning of virtual currency and blockchain technology will be welcomed by tax administration of?cials and by persons mining and transacting in virtual currencies needing to know their compliance obligations.
This book examines the legal and regulatory aspects of cryptocurrency and blockchain and the emerging practical issues that these issues involve. The analysis covers a range of advanced economies across the world, in America, Europe and Asia. The book describes, explains and analyses the nature of cryptocurrencies and the blockchain systems they are constructed on in these major world economies and considers relevant law and regulation and their shortcomings. It will be of use and interest to academics, lawyers, regulators and anyone involved with cryptocurrencies and blockchain.
Less than a decade after the Financial Crisis, we are witnessing the fast emergence of a new financial order driven by three different, yet interconnected, dynamics: first, the rapid application of technology - such as big data, machine learning, and distributed computing - to banking, lending, and investing, in particular with the emergence of virtual currencies and digital finance; second, a disintermediation fuelled by the rise of peer-to-peer lending platforms and crowd investment which challenge the traditional banking model and may, over time, lead to a transformation of the way both retail and corporate customers bank; and, third, a tendency of de-bureaucratisation under which new platforms and technologies challenge established organisational patterns that regulate finance and manage the money supply. These changes are to a significant degree driven by the development of blockchain technology. The aim of this book is to understand the technological and business potential of the blockchain technology and to reflect on its legal challenges. The book mainly focuses on the challenges blockchain technology has so far faced in its first application in the areas of virtual money and finance, as well as those that it will inevitably face (and is partially already facing, as the SEC Investigative Report of June 2017 and an ongoing SEC securities fraud investigation show) as its domain of application expands in other fields of economic activity such as smart contracts and initial coin offerings. The book provides an unparalleled critical analysis of the disruptive potential of this technology for the economy and the legal system and contributes to current thinking on the role of law in harvesting and shaping innovation.
An in-depth analysis of various aspects of multilateral cooperation in tax law Tax evasion and aggressive tax planning causing base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) has been a widely discussed topic among academics and tax policy makers over the past decades. Increasing globalization and digitalization have contributed to the intensification of this issue in recent years. At the same time, states continue to largely insist on their sovereignty in the area of tax law. However, due to their cross-border nature, issues related to BEPS are shared problems among the states and can typically not be solved by a single nation. Therefore, multilateral cooperation represents an option to build a bridge between the states’ demand for sovereignty and the problems caused by BEPS. In this regard, the OECD, the UN, and the EU play an important role in introducing international tax standards in an attempt to effectively address tax evasion and aggressive tax planning in many ways. The interaction and cooperation between different international, supranational (EU), and regional organizations is an ongoing process. In this context, the topic "Multilateral Cooperation in Tax Law" was selected as the general topic for the master’s theses of the part-time 2021-23 class of the postgraduate LL.M. programme in International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business). This volume aims to develop academic insights, provide practical guidance, and enable an in-depth analysis of various aspects of this topic. The book is divided into four parts. The first part deals with a general overview of the understanding of multilateral cooperation, the background that led to the need for multilateral cooperation and the different stakeholders that play a relevant role in it. While the chapters included in the second part focus on the most important developments on an international level (OECD and UN), the chapters encompassed in the third part analyse the multilateral cooperation initiatives of the EU. Finally, the chapters included in part four deal with selected issues related to multilateral cooperation in tax law, including mutual assistance and exchange of information, dispute resolution mechanisms, and measures in digitalized businesses.
Whether the source is more industry-based or academic research, there certainly appears to be a growing interest in the field of cryptocurrency. The New York Times had a cover story on March 24, 2022, titled "Time to Enter the Crypto Zone?," and they talked about institutional investors pouring billions into digital tokens, salaries being taken in Bitcoins, and even Bitcoin ATMs in grocery stores. Certainly, there have been ups and downs in crypto, but it has a kind of alluring presence that tempts one to include crypto as part of one’s portfolio. Those who are "prime crypto-curious" investors are usually familiar with the tech/pop culture and feel they want to diversify a bit in this fast-moving market. Even universities are beginning to offer more courses and create "Centers on Cryptocurrency." Some universities are even requiring their students who take a crypto course to pay the course tuition via cryptocurrency. In response to the growing interest and fascination about the crypto industry and cryptocurrency in general, Cryptocurrency Concepts, Technology, and Applications brings together many leading worldwide contributors to discuss a broad range of issues associated with cryptocurrency. The book covers a wide array of crypto-related topics, including: Blockchain NFTs Data analytics and AI Crypto crime Crypto industry and regulation Crypto and public choice Consumer confidence Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Presenting various viewpoints on where the crypto industry is heading, this timely book points out both the advantages and limitations of this emerging field. It is an easy-to-read, yet comprehensive, overview of cryptocurrency in the U.S. and international markets.
